Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Non-consequentialism ethics (Virtue Ethics (Application (Do I promote the…
Non-consequentialism ethics
Kantian Ethics
1.)
Good Will
Will
= Uniquely human capacity
to
act from principle
Acting from principle
=
Acting from duty
Actions have moral worth when
acted from duty
Our duty is determined from moral laws
Absolute moral law
= logically consistent,
free from contradiction
#
2.)
Categorical Imperative
4.)
Critique
What has moral worth?
Is the categorical imperative
an adequate test of right?
What does it mean to treat
people as means?
We should always act in such a way
that we can will the maxim of our
actions to become a universal law
Categorical
= Unconditional binding
Imperative
= Directive
Maxim
= Subjective principle / rule of action
Universal law
= Binding for all people
in all circumstances
Universal Acceptability
#
Moral rules
= self-imposed,
self-regulated,
fully internalized principles.
Sense of duty
= Expression of our
own higher selves
Reason
is the same for all rational beings
#
Humanity as an ends
A universally acceptable rule (moral law)
would never treat others as a means to
an end
Rational beings recognize
their inherent worth
. They would
never wish to be a means to an
end, but as ends in themselves
One's
inherent worth
is your worth
for simply being what you are
The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiments
3.)
Kant in a Org. context
Respect
for inherent worth
and
dignity
of people.
Stresses the importance of
motivation and acting on
principle
"Act in such a way that you always treat
humanity, whether in your own interest
or in the person of any other, never
simply as a means, but always at the
same time as and end."
Virtue Ethics
What is a good man?
An activity of the soul in conformity with virtue
What makes one a virtuous person
Virtue
What are virtues?
Virtue is between two vices:
One of Extreme
One of Deficiency
Character
is the pattern of virtues and vices
Virtue is a
trait of character
manifested
in habitual action
Why virtue?
A virtuous person will have a better life
Eudaimonia = Happiness
They give us
guidance for a good life
Phronesis
The ability to
make reasonable
decisions
in situations where
there is no right answers
Most important trait
Practical wisdom
Ability to
adapt to changing situations
without losing sight of one's goal
Instrumental view
Individuals fill roles
that are simply means to some ends
Interchangeable parts
When
stripped
of our roles nothing remains
Professional view
Roles have
intrinsic value
and not just means to an end
Contributing to the good of the individual and society
Fosters
unity
of individual and society
Application
Do I promote the
virtues characteristics
of a good person?
Which
excellence
do I display?
Would another
good person
have done the same?
What kind
of a person
am I becoming?
Principal-base ethical theory
To identify and defend some
fundamental principle that can serve
as the foundation for all morality
Possible only if:
The principle can be defended as
categorically binding on all rational
agents
Be capable of moving such agents
to specific acts required by the principle
Problems
Ignores the character of the
person who performs actions
No clear moral answers
Principles are not necessarily
motivational
Ethical principles seldom give
any unambiguous practical wisdom