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Models of Criminal Justice (The Power Model (King, 1981) (Focus on the…
Models of Criminal Justice
The Due Process Model (Packer, 1968)
All parties equal in front of the law
Rules in place to protect defendants against error
Restraint of arbitrary power: the rule of law must be preserved at all times
Presumption of innocence
Social function: Justice
The Crime Control Model (Skolnick, 1966 and Packer, 1968)
Lack of regard for the right of suspects: crime control is of paramount importance
Citizen's must be protected, criminal brought to Justice
Implicit presumption of guilt
High conviction rate
Social function: Punishment
The Medical Model (King, 1981)
Criminal behaviour due to individual characteristics (psychological problems), or social factors (deprivation)
Crime can't be dealt with effectively unless we deal with these underlying issues
Decision-makers use discretion to provide treatment to offenders, rather than punishing them
Focus on the needs of the offender
Social function: Rehabilitation
The Bureaucratic Model (King, 1981)
System should be as efficient as possible given available resources
Law enforcement should be cost-effective
Independence from political considerations
Social function: Management of crime and criminals
The Power Model (King, 1981)
Focus on the interests that are served by the CJS
Marxist perspective
CJS reinforce the role of those in power
Criminal law used to protect the interest of the dominant classes
Over-representation of minorities as defendants
Social function: Maintenance of class domination
The Status Passage Model (King, 1981)
Offenders tried publicly as a sign of the community's moral disapproval of crime
Punishment as a way to reinforce the values of the community
Social function: Denunciation and degradation
The Justice Model (Davies et al., 2010)
Combination of retribution with fair treatment for defendants
Punishment should be proportionate to the offence
only deserved by those who are guilty
Social function: Just deserts
The Management Model (Davies et al., 2010)
Wider set of strategies than rehabilitation
Criminal controlled and monitored depending on their level of risk
Surveillance and supervision key to reduce crime (for example: monitoring)
Social function: Offender control