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Plantar foot compartments (Second layer (Quadratus plantae (Origin: Medial…
Plantar foot compartments
Superficial layer
Abductor hallucis
Origin: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: Medial side of base of proximal 1st digit
Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Abdcuts and flexes 1st digit
Flexor digitorum brevis
Origin: Medial tubercles of tubersoity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa
Insertion: Both sides of middle phalanges of later four digits
Innervation: Medial plantar nerve ( S2, S3)
Action: Flexes lateral four digits
Abductor digiti minimi
Origin: Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa
Insertion: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit.
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Abducts and flexes little toe (5th digit)
Second layer
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Quadratus plantae
Origin: Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
Insertion: Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits
Lumbricals
Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Insertion: Medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits.
Innervation: Medial one: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3) Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Flexes proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
Flexor hallicius longus tendon
Third layer
Flexor hallicus brevis
Origin: Plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms
Insertion: Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Adductor hallicus
Origin: Oblique head: bases of metetarsals 2-4
Insertion: Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit.
Innervation: Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Assists in adduction of 1st digit; assists transverse arch of foot by metatarsals medially
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Origin: Base of the 5th metatarsal
Insertion: Base of the proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Innervation: Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Fourth layer
Plantar interossei
Origin: Plantar aspect of medial sides of shafts of metatarsals 3-5 Insertion: Medial sides of bases of phalanges 3rd-5th digits
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve
Action: Adducts digits 3-5 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
Dorsal interossei
Origin: Adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals 1-5 Insertion: 1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Abducts digits 2-4 and flex metatarsophalangeal digits