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UK challenges (Theme 4 (Government initiatives to encourage energy…
UK challenges
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Theme 2
Two-speed economy - when one part of a country is developing faster than another eg. South east of England
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Why NW is less developed
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No large, wealthy cities that people are attracted to, so little income, so little development
Doesn't have good trade and transport links, so less money invested and fewer jobs available
Negatives of two speed world
House prices and living costs increase
Businesses move to other areas as cheaper
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Brownfield site - land within a city that is no longer being used - may contain old factories or housing, or may have been cleared for development
Greenfield development - when houses and other buildings are built on land at the edge of a city that hasn't previously been built on
Greenfield site
Advantages
- Originally unoccupied therefore developers can build as they wish
- Plenty of space for car parking and landscaping to improve the working environment
- Cheaper land due to being further from the city
- Lower construction costs as nothing to knock down or renew
- Easy to market to potential buyers due to its pleasant environment
- Access to the development is easier as roads aren't congested
Disadvantages
- Infrastructure such as gas, electricity and water won't be present
- Urban sprawl, using up green spaces on the edge of areas disturbs natural habitats and wildlife
- More difficult to get planning permission as government tends to be against it
- Living on the edge of the city may increase commute
- People might not want to live on the edge of the city due to their social life
Brownfield site
Advantages
- Easy for the company to get planning permission as the government is actively encouraging the use of these sites
- Infrastructure such as power and water, is already in place so there is no disruption to the systems
- Greenfield sites not used so less urban sprawl
- Development costs are less as much of infrastructure and transport routes already in place
Disadvantages
- Complete environmental survey needed due to past usage - costly and time consuming
- Perception of contaminated environment puts off prospective buyers
- Land costs are higher as closer to city centre
- Cities may have social problems such as antisocial behaviour and crime, as well as high levels of pollution and congestion - harder to market
Theme 3
National park - an area of countryside that is protected due to its natural beauty and managed for visitor recreation
Conservation - keeping something at it is - not changing it in any way to preserve it for future generations
National parks are areas of land that have outstanding value in terms of their natural beauty, environment or recreational value
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Park rangers
Responsible for conserving and enhancing the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the park, as well as improving opportunities for the public to use the park, and making sure that it is not damaged in anyway by the public or by other means
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Theme 4
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Climate change - a long-term movement in the weather patterns and average temperature experienced by the earth
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Government believes local council has influence on local home owners, and houses are 15% of the carbon emitters - given 4 million to help them cut CO2 emissions
- They are providing free low energy light bulbs
- Introduced a combined power and heat scheme
- Advertised energy saving schemes and appliances
Carbon footprint - the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a particular individual or group of people
Green badge parking permit imitative - allows holders to buy an annual parking permit for NCP car parks at a 25% discount (run by 'Manchester is my planet')
'Manchester is my planet' - group running pledge campaign to encourage individuals to reduce their carbon footprint and get involved with green energy projects - started in 2005 and now over 20,000 people pledged to work towards a low carbon future