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Breathing (Alveoli (Key adaptions (Big surface area, Rich blood supply,…
Breathing
Alveoli
Key adaptions
Big surface area
Rich blood supply
Thin wall
Description of the passage of air to get into the alveoli
Air enters through the nose or the mouth. It then travels down the trachea into the bronchi and then the bronchioles and into the alveoli. From here, the O2 diffuses out of the alveoli into the blood cells
Inspiration and Expiration
Inspiration
The diaphragm contracts and flattens
The intercostal muscles contract and ribs move out
The volume of the chest cavity is high
The pressure in the chest cavity is low
The air moves in
The overall effect on the lungs is that they expand
Expiration
The diaphragm relaxes and goes back to dome shape
The intercostal muscles relax and the ribs move in
The volume of the chest cavity is low
The pressure of the chest cavity is high
The air moves out
The overall effect on the lungs is that they fall / relax
An investigation to show the effects of exercise on breathing rate
Breathing rate increases during exercise because you need more oxygen to respire more and produce energy
We could count the amount of breaths someone takes in a minute without exercising and then compare that with the amount of breaths someone takes in a minute after exercise. An exercise for this experiment could be climbing up and down some stairs for 30 seconds.
Difference between ventilation and respiration
Ventilation
Physical process of getting air into the lungs and getting O2 and CO2 out
We need to get rid of CO2 before it builds up
We need O2 for respiration
Respiration
The process of producing energy from glucose
Biological consequences of smoking on the lungs
Circulatory system
Blockages in the coronary artery
Heart attacks
Lungs
Damages cilia - smokers cough
Cancer
Decreases the surface area of the alveoli
Gaseous exchange in the alveolus
O2 diffuses out of the alveoli and into the blood to join with RBC's
CO2 diffuses out of the blood and into the alveoli to be breathed out.