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TYPES OF TERRORISM (problems with categories (essentialism/generalization…
TYPES OF TERRORISM
problems with categories
essentialism/generalization of similarities means that key differences are obscured. // key similarities with other cases also ignored because focus on characteristics of category
category suggests causality because of focus obscures cause, cause explained by different factors
lack of empirical evidence to sustain categories. ex: how do you define an international group? groups have mixed characteristics. -> categories become useless
all categories are product of CONTEXT, only make sense because of status quo. categories = positivist vision of world
power and knowledge influences categorization: what we consider same and different is socially constructed
CTS: categories are not a truth. need to think WHERE they come from, WHY they emerged rather than WHAT is terrorism
OLD vs NEW
OLD:
- hierarchy/military/localized
- politically inspired
- restrained method, warnings/discrimination
NEW:
- cellular/amateuristic/transnational
- religious inspiration
- enhanced lethality/mass casualty, access to WMD
new narrative not new terrorism: old/new terrorism have same characteristics, different perception
based on unproven assumption that motivated by religion:
- irrational (Western discourse)
- aims to cause harm
- incorrigible (Burnett & Whyte 2005)
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WHERE
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what qualifies as international: the membership, where the group acts?
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WHO (differences in capabilities,
resources and responsabilities)
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