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The Communist Movement (4. Division of Vietnam & Diem's…
The Communist Movement
1. Impact of the Great Depression of 1930
Prices of rice and rubber fell
Rise in indebtedness of rural peasants
Increased unemployment
The French crushed the uprisings even using planes to bomb demonstrators
Rural Uprising in poor provinces of Nghe An & Ha Tinh known as "electric fuses" - as they are the first provinces to blow under pressure
2. Formation of Democratic Republic
In 1930, Ho Chi Minh brought together different nationalist groups to form the Vietnamese Communist party later renamed as Indo-China Communist Party
In 1940, Japan occupied Vietnam
Now the Vietnamese nationalists had to fight the Japanese as well as the French
The League of Independence of Vietnam or Vietminh fought the Japanese and recaptured Hanoi in 1945.
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was formed with Ho Chi Minh as the Chairman
3. Challenges Facing the New Republic
The French tried to regain control by using the emperor Bao Dai as their puppet
Faced with the French attack, the Vietminh were forced to retreat to the hills
After 8 years of fighting, the French were finally defeated in 1954
In 1953, The French General, Henry Navarre, declared that the French would soon be victorious
But in 1954, the Vietminh defeated and captured 16,000 soldiers, including a general and 16 colonels
4. Division of Vietnam & Diem's Repressive Rule
After the defeat of the French, during the peace negotiation, Vietnam was divided into two - the North & the South
Ho Chi Minh & the communists took the North while Bao Dai was put in power in the South
The Bao Dai rule soon ended after a coup led by Ngo Dinh Diem
Diem's government was repressive & authoritarian
Anyone who opposed him was called a communist, jailed & killed
Diem used Ordinance 10, a French Law that permitted Christianity but banned Buddhism
His dictatorship was opposed by a broad opposition united under the banner of the National Liberation Front (NLF)
Cause of US Entry in Vietnam
With the help of Ho Chi Minh from the North, NLF attempted to unify Vietnam
The US watched this alliance with fear
Worried about communists gaining power, the US decided to intervene & sent arms and troops to Vietnam