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DEATH & AFTERLIFE (ELECTION (LIMITED ELECTION (JOHN CALVIN (Took ideas…
DEATH & AFTERLIFE
ELECTION
LIMITED ELECTION
JOHN CALVIN
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EVALUATION: if God knows & controls everything, there's little point in us making efforts to act morally or worship God.
'Some are preordained to eternal life, others to eternal damnation'.
AUGUSTINE: only few X's-s saved.Disagreed w/ Pelagic belief- all born w/ a blank slate & could earn place in heaven. All born w/ original sin- A&E & Fall. Need God's grace to reach God's standards. 1st thought humans were predestined due to God's foreknowledge/. God would have full knowledge of people's free actions.
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CRITICS: RATZINGER
Hick's views make Christ's sacrifice- seem pointless. J' death & resurrection becomes 1 of many ways- heaven, no longer a 'once and for all' event!
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UNLIMITED ELECTION
KARL BARTH: love of God & possibility of salvation for all.
Jesus brought salvation for all who have faith in Jesus.
God chose to send Jesus to timelessly save all.
Jesus- 'both the electing God & elected man in One'.
Jesus was elected so all- possibility of eternal life.
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PURGATORY
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PROBATIONARY SCHOOL: Origen- like a PS when soul given opportunity over 'many world' of experience, to develop & perfect itself.
REDEMPTION of the WHOLE of CREATION: Gregory of Nyssa- wicked & good can be cleansed of their sins & enter heaven. In this way God completes his purpose to redeem & restore creation.
DANTE: for those souls who believe in Christ & have repented before death. They now have opportunity to purge themselves of wrong actions. Process positive- now unable to sin.
Soul ascends various 'terraces of the mountain' whose goal is beatific vision. End of journey- mountain skies & soul ascends to heaven.
CATHOLIC TEACHING: 'cleansing by fire' suggests sins can be forgiven in this age & age to come. Another stage in soul's journey to redemption.
Purgatory also explains why Church prays for souls of departed.
HICK ON INTERMEDIATE STATE: great deal of logic to have one as the 'gap between the individual's perfection at the end of this life and the perfectly heavenly state...bridged'.
Afterlife : continuation of 'person-making process' , eventually united w/ God.
HELL
SPIRITUAL STATE: ORIGEN: where 'each sinner kindles his own fire...and our own vices from its fuel'. Punishment isn't inflicted by God BUT is each person's own 'interior anguish' at being seperated for God. NOT a permanent state, passes when world finally redeemed.
CONSCIENCE: GREGORY OF NYSSA- judgement & torture of hell are result of guilty conscience when a person placed in front of Christ.
DANTE: a physical, mentally & spiritually, an utterly dysfunctional state. Was created at moment of J' death when earthquake caused dead to awaken from tombs. Inmates lack faith in God & live without hope.
Hell occupies 1 of 9 CIRCLES OF HELL. Every sin matched w/ punishment w/ graphic descriptions, e.g. sees man carrying his head & swinging it- in life he'd taught lies & caused rebellions. Dante lead to 9th circle: populated by most heinous vices, sin of fraud through treachery. This kind of betrayal is condemned, because its ultimate misuse of reason & cause of social & religious discord.
No escape or redemption.
SYMBOL OF ALIENATION: Dante's terrifying descriptions of hell force us to think about consequences of our actions & the kind of people we become. Q is whether hell-type lang has meaning or should be abandoned. Tillich: 'heaven and hell...metaphors'.
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Parable of sheep & goats
Teaches: eternal punishment will be granted to people who aren't welcoming, helpful, dot look after others etc.
We must take all opportunities to do good to those in need, because if not- eternal punishment.
Is is an impossible high standard? maybe , because its impossible for us to always feed hungry, help ill etc all the time.
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KINGDOM OF GOD
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4 PROBLEMS
Delay of the parousia: 1st generations hoped for Jesus' return BUT he didn't return for generations later.
On reflection many warned against making calc's when Jesu will return.
Reviewing J' parables some emphasised the delay & sudden return 'like a thief at night'.
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RESURRECTION
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AMBIGUITIES
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He'd be raised up w/ saints & martyrs who'd died before him & his followers would have a place in new kingdom.
PAROUSIA: arrival of Christ after his resurrection. Role of p is to judge world & select those who've had a good life to live eternally in the restored world.
HEAVEN
DANTE: 'human cannot be put into words'. Heaven or parade is beyond description.
Soul yearns for ultimate good & harmony w/ God's love.
10 heavens- each rep diff intellectual level of truth.
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