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Unit 2 Classical Civilizations Rome (Roman Republic (PUNIC WAR (Roman…
Unit 2
Classical Civilizations
Rome
Roman Republic
Republic means:"Thing of The People"
Officials are chosen by the people
Believed it would keep any individual from having too much power
Society:
Patricians: The Wealthy Landowners
Plebeians: Farmers and Laborers (Most of The Population)
Women: Had Freedom and Influence
Education: Boys, Girls, and Lower Class can get a education.
Republican Government:
1 Dictator: Given absolute control during times of war. (Lasted 6 months)
2 Consuls: Rulers of Rome (Lasted 1 year)
300 Senators: Makes Laws and Representative body for the Patricians
Tribal Assembly: Representatives for the Plebeians
Twelve Tables:
Written Code of Laws in Stones
Forced into law by the Plebeians that way there was equal law for everyone
PUNIC WAR
Roman Republic VS PHOENICIA
Results:
Rome Won
Conquered the Mediterranean Sea
Defeated enemies with Justice
Success due to skillfully diplomacy and A Well Trained Army
Effects of Expansion:
Trade equals a lot of money in the Republic
Soldiers returned from war without jobs or homes
Farmers and Soldiers move to cities to find work
GAP widened between the POOR and The BLIND
Reforms Fail:
Triumvirate:A Group of 3 Rulers
Set Up by Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus
Julius Caesar:
Public Wars to employ the Jobless
Land Given to the Poor
Increased pay for Soldiers
Expanded Senate to 900 Members
Ideas of March:
Enemies fear Caesar planned to make himself KING of Rome
Assassinated on March 15th which caused a CIVIL WAR
Roman Empire
Empire Created:
Octavian Accepts the tittle of "Agustus" (Rome's First Emperior)
Kept the Tittle of "Supreme Military Commander"
Pax Ramona = Roman Peace and Golden Age
200 years of Peace and Prosparity
Economic Reforms:
Cenus taken to make a fair ta system
Postal Servces
Put Jobeless to work building roadds and temples
Problems in The Empire:
Wealthy: Lived Extravagently
Poor: Majority of the Population, Unemployed, and Riots
The FALL OF ROME (Western Rome)
476 AD
Political Turmoil: Emperors overthrown Constantly
Foregin Invadors: Germanic People Invade
Economic Turmoil: High Taxes and a Loss of Prosparity
The Rise of Christianity
Toleration of Various Religons:
People were Polytheistic, so it did not matter and Jews were excused from worshipping Roman gods because they were Monotheistic
The Rise of Christianity:
All Are Welcome, Belief that Jesus died for our sins, and
Everyone is equal in gods eyes
Persecution of Christians/Martyrs:
Refused to worship Roman Gods
Roman officials suspected Christians of disloyalty to Rome
Some used at Political and Economic Scapegoats
Thousands were crucified (By Burnings) or by wild animals in the arena.
Martyrs Sacrificed themselves for the belief of a cause.(Catacombs under Rome)
Why was Christianity a powerful force??
Spread Rapidly
Embraced all People
Appealed to Rome's extravagences
offered a personal realationship ith a god and eternal life after death.
66 AD: Jewish Rebellion
Rebellion cruahesd by `Rome
Ultimatly desroyed Jerusalem
Many Jews enslaved or left from the Dispora
Theodiseous:
Makes Chritianity the offical religon of the Roman Empire
Constantine:
Edict of Milan in 313: Witch meant free worship to ALL citizens of Rome
Divides the Empire in 330 AD: Constanople "The Second Rome"
Divisions of The Church:
Church growing in strength and Influence, but Roman power fading.
Latin Speaking People in the (Western Empire)
Greek Speaking People in the (Eastern Empire)
Bread and Circuses/Gladiators:
Providing free wheat too some poor Romans as well as entertainment and gaining political popularity through power
USed trained warriors and slavesto entertain Romans
Geoagraphy or
Rome
Divided by a Mountain Range
Boot Shaped
Mild Climate, Rich Soil
Rome in the center, Acess to the TIBER RIVER
Starts as little colonies
ANCIENT ROMAN CULTURE HAD GOTTEN EVERYTHING FROM THE GREEKS!!!!!!!!!!!!!