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anger management dealing with offending behaviour (CBT: teach the…
anger management
dealing with offending behaviour
Cognition triggers emotions that trigger aggression
Novaco suggests that cognitive factors trigger the emotional arousal that comes before aggressive acts
anger in some people is quick to surface when they perceive situation to be threatening
becoming angry is then reinforced by the individuals feeling of control in that situation
CBT: teach the individuals to recognise anger and skills to deal with it
taught to recognise cog factors that trigger anger
develop behavioural techniques that bring about conflict-resolution without the need for violence
STAGE 1
cognitive preparation to reflect on the past
offender reflects on past experience - they learn to identify triggers to anger and the ways their interpretation of events may be irrational
e.g. the offender may perceive someone looking that them as confrontational. In redefining the situation as non-threatening, the therapist is attempting to break what may be an automatic response
STAGE 2:
Skill acquisition
techniques to deal with anger
Cognitive: positive self talk to promote calmness
behavioural: assertiveness training to communicate more effectively
physiological: methods of relaxation/meditaiton
STAGE 3:
Application practice
Role play
given the opportunity to practice their skills in a carefully monitored environment
e.g. role play between the offender and therapist may involve re-enacting scenarios that led to anger and violence in past
successful negotiation = positive reinforcement
Positive outcomes with young offenders
Keen studies the progress of young offenders 17-21 who took part in an anger management programme - 8 2 hour sessions
initially there were difficulties with the offender forgetting their diaries and not taking it seriously
by the end offenders generally reported increased awareness of their anger and capacity for self-control
Anger management tries to tackle causes
rather than focusing on superficial surface behaviour (behaviour modification), anger management addresses the though process underlying offending behaviour
Anger management may give offenders new insight into the causes of their criminality enabling them to self-discover ways of managing themselves outside prison
more likely than behaviour modification to lead to permanent behaviour change and lower rates of recidivism
Limited evidence for LT effectiveness
Blackburn claimed follow up studies tended to show that anger management has a definite short term effect, but little evidence that it reduces LT recidivism
this may be because the application phase of treatment still relies heavily on artificial role play which may not properly reflect al the possible real-life anger triggers
this Q's the effectiveness of anger management programmes
Anger may not be the cause of offending
Theories of anger often assume a straightforward causal relationship between anger and offending. However, this assumption may be false.
R's found no differences in levels of anger between offenders classified as violent/non
This suggests that anger management programmes may be misguided or even damaging if they provide offender with justification of their actions
Expensive and commitment required
Anger management programmes are expensive as require specialised pro's used to dealing with violent offenders. Many prisons can't afford this
in addition, the success of AM is based on commitment of those who pp. This may be a problem if the prisoner is uncooperative,
These issues limit the effectiveness of the programmes