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Immunity (adaptive (pathogen engulfment (pathogenic cell engulfs pathogen,…

- - - - memory B cells are cells which contain the memory of the specific antigen and allow for quick activation of immune responses
      - plasma B cell is the main kind of cell that B cells are differentiated into and their only responsibility is to reproduce the same antibodies that are secreted into the body
- - - - macrophage
        
        phagocytic cell
        
        phagocytosis
        
        The ingestion an destruction of phathogenic microorganisms or particles
        
        stimulates response of other immune cells
      - natural killer cell
        
        kills tumour cells and virus-infected cells
        
        releases enzymes which lyse the pathogen's cell membrane of protein coat
        
        circulates in blood and migrates to tissues
      - dendritic cell
        
        antigen presenting cell
        
        triggers adaptive immunity
        
        present in epithelial tissue and migrates to lymph nodes upon activation
      - monocyte
        
        differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells
        
        stored in spleen and migrates to infected tissues through blood stream
      - neutrophil
        
        phagocytic cell
        
        .
        
        60% of all leukocytes
        
        releases toxins that kill of inhibit bacteria and fungi
        
        recruits other immune cells
      - basophil
        
        defends against parasites
        
        releases histamines
        
        circulates in blood and migrates to tissues
      - eosinophil
        
        releases toxins that kill bacteria and parasites but ALSO causes tissue damage
      - mast cell
        
        dilates blood vessels
        
        releases histamines
        
        recruits macrophages and neutrophils
        
        located in connective tissue and mucous membranes
      - some cells produce interferons when invaded by a virus
        
        interferons interfere with the ability of the viruses to cause disease by preventing the virus' from multiplying in the cell
    - - chemical signal is released
      - this triggers immune cells to come to infected tissue and increases the dilation of the blood vessels and vascular permeability
      - increased blood supply makes infected tissue red and hot and leaky blood vessels cause fluid to accumulate outside of cells, causing swelling
  - - - intact skin
      - skin pH
      - natural flora
      - stomach acid
      - tears
      - saliva
      - mucous membranes
      - sebum