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Cell Transport (Exchanging
Materials (Single-celled:
only need transport…
Cell Transport
Exchanging
Materials
Single-celled:
only need transport methods
Smaller = Larger SA:V = Larger heat loss
Bigger = harder material exchange
Gas, food molecule can't diffuse to all cells
Metabolic waste removed slowly - poisoning
Need special exchange surfaces (adapt)
Adaptations:
Large SA (exchange);
Thin membrane (diffuse);
ventilation (gas exchange);
Flatten, Projection, Fold (SA);
Rich blood supply (steep CG);
Bum-breath turtle:
Rear open, two large sacs
Thin wall (diffuse); Finger folds (SA)
Muscle pump (ventilate); Blood supply (CG)
Human:
Breathing, Alveoli (SA)
Blood supply (CG); Short path (diffuse)
Villi in the small intestine (increase SA)
Fish:
Flap - operculum
Gills - thin filaments
Blood supply (CG); pump (ventilate)
Thin gills (SA:V, diffuse, gas exchange)
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Diffusion
Function?
Respire (Glucose, O2)
Dissolved substance movement
Excretion (CO2, chemical - glands, urea)
Definition :star: :star:
Net movement of particles
from a high to a low concentration
down the concentration gradient
Motion of particles:
Bump into each other then scatter
(molecules, ions) like boy and girls blindly walk from opposite room sides
Rate of diffusion:
Net move = Particles in - Particles out
Greater conc. diff = faster diffuse rate
Bigger diff = steeper concentration grad.
Temp affects diffusion rate (faster particles)
SA affects diffusion rate (more transport)
Gas Exchange:
From air to lungs to blood to body
Lungs, Aveoli, Capillaries (CO2 reverse)
Osmosis
(animals)
Definiton :star: :star:
Net movement of water molecules over a semi-permeable membrane down the concentration gradient
-
-
Hypertonic:
Concentrated - water out - shrivels
Hypotonic:
Rilute - water moves in - bursts
Isotonic:
Equal comparison between 2
concentrations - normal
Active
Transport
Cystic fibrosis: (unhealthy)
A.T. in mucus-producing cells stop working
Diffusion and osmosis is not always enough
Thick sticky mucus lungs, gut, reproductive system
Definition :star: :star:
Active movement of particles
from a low to high concentration against the concentration gradient
using respiration & transport protiens
Absorb ions from dilute solutions
Movement of sugars across membrane
Respiration rate linked with A.T. rate
Energy needed from respiration (mito)
Importance:
Root hair cells (minerals)
Gut, kidney tubules (glucose)
Gut to bloodstream (glucose)
Osmosis
(plants)
Stem, leaf support, vacuoles swell
Press cyto against wall until limit
Turgor - hard, rigid (hypotonic)
Plants need hypotonic (turgor)
No turgor = plant wilts (flaccid)
Hypertonic = Plasmolysis (die)