Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Visual Perception (Perception Perception is the way we interpret these…

- - - - convergence
        
        the brain detecting and interpreting depth or distance from changes in tension in the eye muscles that occur when the two eyes turn inwards to focus on close objects
      - retinal disparity
        
        very slight difference in the location of the visual images on the retinas, which enables us to make judgements about the depth or distance of an object
    - - accommodation
        
        the automatic adjustment of the shape of the lens to focus an object in response to changes in how far away the object is
      - Pictorial cues
        
        linear perspective
        
        the apparent convergence of parallel lines as they go back into the distance
        
        interposition
        
        occurs when one object partially blocks another, and the partially blocked object is perceived as further away that the one that obscures it
        
        relative size
        
        the tendency to visually perceive the object that produces the object that produces the largest image on the retina as being closer, and the object that produces the smallest image on the retina as being further away
        
        texture gradient
        
        the gradual reduction of detail that occurs in a surface as it recedes into the distance, compared with closer objects perceived in finer detail
        
        height in the visual field
        
        the location of objects in our field of vision, whereby objects that are located closer to the horizon are perceived as being more distant that objects located further from the horizon
    - - the ability to accurately estimate the distance of objects and therefore perceive the world in three dimensions.
  - - - Perceptually dividing a scene into a 'figure', which stands out from the 'ground'.
    - - The perceptual tendency to mentally 'close up' gaps in an incomplete image, hence perceiving objects as a whole
    - - The tendency to perceive parts of a visual image that are similar (size, shape, colour, etc.) as belonging together as a unit or group
    - - The tendency to perceive parts of a visual image which are positioned close together as belonging together in a group
  - - - Setting or environment in which percetion is made
        
        1 3 may be perceived as number or B depending on if participants were in group numbers or group alphabet
        
        Bright light in the sky may be perceived as threatening like a missile, on New Years this could be perceived as a firework
    - - Personal experiences throughout life, intentionally and unintentionally learnt as well as unique past experiences can lead to many differences in perception
        
        Toch & Schlute experiment, past experience of police training increased probability of perceiving violent pictures compared to no police training.
    - - Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains the orientation of goals. Motivation is influenced by your goals and interests that vary during different circumstances. e.g..
        
        e.g. if youre on a road trip and you see a sign that says feul, you might interpret it to say food, because youre hungry
  - - - Intentionally distorted room that disrupts perceptual constancies
        to create the impression that people grow and shrink as they
        move from one side of the room
      - Characteristics
        
        Trapezoid shape
        
        Left corner slants away from the view
        
        Ceiling slants downwards to the right corner
        
        Floor slants upwards in the right corner and downwards in the left corner
    - - A perceptual experience in which stimulation of one sense involuntarily produces additional unusual experiences in another sense.
        
        Causes
        
        Synaesthetes may be unusually sensitive to stimuli
        
        Breakdown in sensory and perceptual processes
        
        Excess of neural connections formed during early development
        
        Types
        
        Grapheme - colour
        
        Chromesthesia
        
        Personification
        
        Common Characteristics
        
        Involuntary occurs automatically
        
        Vivid, highly memorable
        
        One way
    - - Mismatch between our perception and what we understand as physical reality
      - Every time we view the same sensory information, we have the same illusory experience
- - - - Rods
        
        Type of photoreceptor that enable us to see in low levels of light (black and white)
      - Cones
        
        Type of photoreceptor that allows to see colour and is more abundant than rods in our retinas.
    - - Transparent, flexible, convex shape
      - Behind pupil and adjusts shape to focus on certain object
    - - Jelly like substance which helps to maintain shape of the eyeball and also focus light passing through
      - Located behind lens and inside entire retina
    - - watery fluid that helps maintain the shape the eye, provides oxygen to eye
      - fills the space between the cornea and lens
    - - change the shape of the lens
      - bludge: to focus on near objects
      - flatten: to focus on far objects
    - - black opening In eye
      - controls the amount of light entering
    - - Coloured section that surrounds the pupil
      - Expands and contracts the pupil to dictate how much light enters
    - - protects the eye + helps focus light onto the retina
    - - blind spot : there is no photoreceptors
      - carries visual information from retina got primary visual cortex
      - exits at the back of the eye
  - - - automatic
      - involves physical structures only
      - same for everyone