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TASK 1: Theory of Emotion and Motivatoin (MOORS (THEORIES (order in which…
TASK 1: Theory of Emotion and Motivatoin
Maslow
hierarchy of basic needs
BASIC NEEDS
Physiological needs
: food, water, warmth, rest
Safety needs
: security, safety
PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS
Belongingness and love needs
: intimate relationships, friends
Esteem needs
: prestige and feeling of accomplishment (self respect and reputation)
SELF-FULFILLMENT NEEDS
Self-actualization
: achieve full potential- creativity
MATTER OF FIXITY OF HIERARCHY
self-esteem may be more important than love
innately creative people - creativity as a highest need
psychopatic personality - no need for love and belonging
satisfaction of needs for a long time- underevaluation
MOORS
THEORIES
JAMES LANGE THEORY
Stimulus -> Physiological arousal (somatic component) -> Attribution of Arousal (cognitive component) -> Emotional Experience (feeling component) = Emotion
TWO-FACTOR THEORY
somatic process (physiological arousal)
cognitive process (arousal interpreter in light of the stimulus)
APPRAISAL TEORIES
appraisal = cognitive process involved in emotion elicitation
Stimulus -> unconscious emotion-antecedent appraisal (cognitive component) -> action tendency (motivation component) physiological responses (somatic c.) -> behavior (motor c.) -> EMOTION (feeling) -> emotion-consequent attribution (conscious)
appraisal variables:
goal congruance (match between stimulus and goal = positive valence)
coping potential
goal relevance
agency/blame
NETWORK THEORIES
assume that initially only a handful of biologically relevant stimuli elicit unconditioned emotional responses + the range of stimuli that evoke these emotional responses is progressively elaborated through conditioning procedures
AFFECT PROGRAM THEORY
each basic emotion has is own circuit
BARRET'S CONCEPTUAL ACT THEORY
specific emotion = categorization of core affect, where categories are socio-cultural constructs
2 factor theory: stiuli elicit core affect, and then core affect is categorized through constraint satisfaction
order in which emotion theories place the components of the emotional episode
James: somatic component prior to the feeling component
Schachter: interposed a cognitive component between the somatic and the feeling components
appraisal theories: cognitive component occurs prior to the motivational component, followed by the components of somatic responses and behaviour. Each of these components is logically prior to the feeling component
Network theories: do not prioritise one specific order of components
Barrett: does not suppose that the two factors in her theory (core affect and categorisation) happen sequentially triggered simultaneously and constrain each other mutually
emotional components
Motivational
Somatic
Feeling
Motor
Cognitive
attitudes - lack of clear motor and somatic components
pain/cold/hot - lack cognitive component
EMOTIONAL CAUSATION
Intensity problem (quantity of emotions)
Differentiation problem - (quality = valence)
Elicitation problem (what causes emotion)
FRIJDA
LAWS OF EMOTION
EMOTION ELICITATION
LAW OF SITUATIONAL MEANING - emotions derive from situations
LAW OF CONCERN - emotions arise from particular goals, motivations or concerns
LAW OF APPARENT REALITY - whatever seems real, elicts emotion
LAWS OF CHANGE/HABITUATION AND COMPARATIVE FEELING
LAW OF HABITUATION - we get used to emotions, if they are lasting for long
LAW OF CHANGE - emotions respond to change
LAW OF COMPARATIVE FEELING - we are comparing the situation to our steady frame of reference (the steadier frame, the stronger emotional response to change)
LAW OF HEDONIC ASSYMETRY - positive emotions are easly gone, negative are long lasting
EMOTION PERSISTENCE
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF EMOTIONAL MOMENTUM : events retain their emotional power unless they are re-experienced and re-evaluated
LAW OF CLOSURE emotions override our goals and elicit absolute responses
EMOTION REGULATION
LAW OF THE LIGHTEST LOAD people look at situation in a way that reduces the negative load
LAW OF THE GREATEST GAIN situations are evaluated in a way that elicits greatest emotional gain
LAW OF CARE FOR CONSEQUENCE people consider consequences of their emotions and modify them accordingly