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Asses the significance of international migration on diversity in the UK…
Asses the significance of international migration on diversity in the UK (15 marks)
Londons population dynamics
natural increase = 40% - 2013
net international migration = 43% - 2013
Greater outflow from London - in 2013 London had the greatest outward internal migration
The move away from cities
Two basic reason:
Whilst young people are moving in the old are moving out - most frequent destination = South East and South West = national trend since 2008 - London has therefore become a younger city
London's rapidly rising property prices since 2000 = gives older groups significant financial assets = sell flats or small houses in London fro bigger ones outside the city
What is left behind is a city with increasing proportions of young professionals as well as immigrant and ethnic communities
'White flight' of middle class white families fro more spacious suburbs - suggested an underlying racism
Understanding UK immigration
At the end of the 2nd World War in 1945 inward flows have come from two sources - Europe and former British colonies
Postwar immigration has had two major stages:
Post-colonial migration
British government promoted late-scale immigration from former British colonies from the 1940s to 1960s - gave migrants the rights to settle in the Uk and they also sponsored them to fill particular job vacancies
Many of these migrants experienced discrimination in both housing and employment - up to 50 years later their grandchildren often still live in areas of urban deprivation
These migrant formed the majority of non-UK-born residents in 2014
The impacts of globalisation
UK population as increased rapidly for 3 reasons:
TNCs encourage immigration from the USA, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand to work in the knowledge economy
After 1992 the 'Maastricht Agreement' allowed free movement of workers between the EU member states - the expansion of the Eu in 2004 in creased economic migration to the UK - 600 00 Poles arrived in the UK since 2004
Younger international migrants have helped to combat an ageing UK workforce - international migrants also provide skills and workers fro caring professions and construction projects
Migrants in rural areas
Vegetable picking and packing is done largely by Eastern Europeans foe low wages in places like Lincolnshire eastern England
Boston, Lincolnshire
Its overseas-born population increased by 470% between 2001 and 2011 - some locals have welcomed the migrants others haven't
August 2015 the Finical Times reported that Boston's Latvian community was suffering abuse from contractors supplying vegetable pickers to farms and the many were being paid below the legal minimum wage of £6.21 + excessive costs for accommodation and transport deducted from their wages