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CH 3. FOREIGN RELATIONS (BURGUNDY, THE NETHERLANDS AND THE HOLY ROMAN…
CH 3. FOREIGN RELATIONS
AIMS
Did not want to expand power in Europe, wanted to have strong defence and maintain good relations - did not want to restart Hundred Years War with France
Wanted national security, dynastic security and defence of English trading interests
BRITTANY AND FRANCE
BRITTANY
Feifdom of France ruled over by Duke Francis II, enjoyed effective independence. No male heir = France uses death of Francis to claim Brittany!
1487 :( France invades = 1489 VII summons Parliament, asks for extraordinary revenue to raise an army against France! Why?
Sense of obligation to Bretons (had fled to Brittany in 1471 when Yorkists were restored, sheltered VII for 14 years during exile!)
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FEBRUARY 1489: TREATY OF REARDON - Duchess Anne (daughter of Duke Francis II) would pay for small English army to defend Brittany.
FEBRUARY 1489: VII tries alliance w HRE-elect Maximilian, who has control over Netherlands and 'married' to Duchess Anne
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1492: VII invades France
Charles VIII concentrated on invading ITALY = VII able to negotiate a settlement - demonstrates VII's flexibility, quick thinking
NOVEMBE 1492: TREATY OF ETAPLES - Chalres VIII withdraws support for Warbeck, compensates VII financially for army raised
FIRST foreign campaign! Success? - YES - achieved aims of defending national security (ToEtaples = Warbeck has no foreign support!), improved English finance and enhanced international prestige
BURGUNDY, THE NETHERLANDS AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
English exports: most went through Netherlands (Antwerp, etc.), which came under jurisdiction of Burgundy
Traditionally, England and Burgundy had good relations :) BUT Margaret of Burdgundy was Richard III's sister, leading upholder of the Yorkist cause = hated Henry, offers support to Warbeck!
1493: Maximilian becomes HRE - is Margaret's step-son in law! = passes over jurisdiction to Maximilian's son Philip in 1493
Maximilian and Philip offer Warbeck hospitality = VII puts emgargo on Burgundy - sacrifices trade interests for dynastic interests! Unpopular w/ London and East-Cost merchants
1495: Warbeck leaves Burdgundy = 1496: INTERCURSUS MAGNUS, brings emgrargo to an end!
1504: Isabella of Castile dies = 1506 INTERCURSUS MALUS - VII demands trade deal beneficial to English merchants, never imposed, AND Phil/Max hand over Earl of Sussex (Edmund de la Pole)
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SCOTLAND
Auld Alliance = Scotland is ally of England's traditional enemy, France
1495: James IV offers support to Warbeck for 2 years = 1496: Warbeck attempts to invade England (easily defeated)
VII wants to invade Scotland, collectes tax = RESENTMENT, contributed to 1497 Cornish Rebellion! Serious threat to dynastic security - VII seeks better relations
1502: TREATY OF PERPETUAL PEACE - includes marriage alliance with James IV and VII's sister Margaret - cordial relations til end of reign :)
SUCCESS for VII - achieved aims of national security/dynastic security, good reaction to taxation rebellion
IRELAND
VII only had control of the Pale - leading irish nobleman Earl of Kildare ('uncrowned king of Ireland) exercised real power
Kildare has Yorkist sympathies, supported Simnel conspiricy in 1486, crowned him King of Ireland!
VII takes action against Kildare - ruled 'Pale' through an Englishman, backed by armed force ($$!) AND made infant son Henry Lieutenant of ireland (Sir Edward Oiynings in real control) - established royal control! :smiley: but expensive :cry:
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1496: Kildare stops supporting Yorkists cause , established loyalty to VII - Ireland not of any real significance for the rest of VII's reign!