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AIR AND THE REPIRATORY SYSTEM & CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (Parts of the…
AIR AND THE REPIRATORY SYSTEM & CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Composition of Air
Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Other Gases - 1% (Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapour, etc)
Oxygen is a reactive gas that supports burning, so there cannot be too much oxygen in the air. Nitrogen is a neutral gas, so it balances the gases in the environment.
Parts of the Respiratory System and their Functions
Nose
• Allows air to enter and leave the body
• Contains hair and mucus to trap the dirt in the air
• Air that passes through is also warmed and moistened
Windpipe
• Transfers the air from the nose to the air tubes
Air Tubes
• Windpipe branches into two smaller air tubes
• Transport the air to the lungs
Lungs
• Contain air sacs
• Allow exchange of gases in the sacs
• Pick up oxygen from inhaled air
• Pass corbon dioxide into exhaled air
Air Sacs
• Have a rich supply of blood vessels
• Increases the surface area for exchange of gases
• Absorb oxygen
• Oxygen passes through the walls of sacs into the blood vessels
• Carbon dioxide passes from the blood vessels into the air sacs
Parts of the Circulatory System and their Functions
Heart
• A four-chambered muscular organ that pumps blood to all parts of the body
Blood
• A liquid which is the medium of transport in the body
• Transports digested food, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide and other waste materials to different parts of the body
Blood Vessels
• A network of tubes which carry blood around the body
Gaseous Exchange
Oxygen enters the body through the nose. It then travels down the windpipe and enters the lungs.
The blood is now rich in oxygen and will enter the heart. From here, blood that is rich is oxygen will be pumped to the rest of the body parts, such as the legs.
In the legs, oxygen will be exchanged for carbon dioxide. The blood will then carry this carbon dioxide to the heart which will then pump it to the lungs.
When we breathe out through our nose, this carbon dioxide will thus be removed from from our body.