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Asses the impact of population change on different places in the UK (15…
Asses the impact of population change on different places in the UK (15 marks)
Rate of population growth
Slowest population growth:
Population of the north east is projected to grow the slowest by 2022 (3%)
The ten slowest English growth rates are all in the North East or North West region
Some areas are expected to decline
Fastest population growth:
London's overall population growth predicted to grow by 13% by 2022
East England = 9%
South East = 8%
8/10 fastest growing areas are London boroughs
Reasons for regional difference in population growth rate
Economic
By comparison - in the Not the East a slower population growth rate has resulted from the continued collapse of its traditional industries
Workers leave the region with their families to find work elsewhere
London's high population growth rate resulted from its expanding knowledge economy = influx of highly qualified workers and their families
KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY = economy in which growth is dependent on the quantity, quality, and accessibility of the information available, rather than the means of production.
Demographic
London's booming economy has led to rapid internal migration particularly in young graduates
International migration
Social
Longer life expectancy caused by falling mortality rates amongst those aged over 65 = UK population now living longer
In London male life expectancy rose from 73.3 in 1993 to 80.0 years in 2013
Places in the UK
Inner London - Newham
Age structures typical of ever Inner London borough = dominated by 21-40 year olds
Is easily accessible for both work and leisure
Since collapse of London's original port facilities and traditional industries in Newham = planner have used the derelict land for housing expansion
New housing in 2001 to 2011 = fastest growing population in the UK = 25%
Population growth came from two main reasons:
Natural Increase = since 2000 Newham has had the UK's highest general fertility rate
Internal Migration = of mainly university students and young graduates to work in the city's knowledge economy
Internation Migration:
Between 2001 and 2011 Newham's non-UK-born population grew by 72,285
By 2011 = 165,424 foreign born residents = 55% of the population
Migrants settle, get married and begin having children = Newham's hight general fertility rate
Outer London - Knigstone-Upon-Thames
One of London's wealthiest boroughs - large number of high-income couples who move there to raise families
Accesible - 12 trains per hour
Housing is expensive and much of the land is protected parkland
planning for further growth is restricted by London's Green Belt
Unlike Newham, Kingston-upon-Thames is dominated by UK-born residents
Overseas-born migrants constitute only 20% of the population
Mixed rural areas - North Yorkshire
Rural:
Small towns and cities like Harrogate and York, coastal resorts like Scarborough
These areas have increasing populations mainly internal migration from people seeking a countryside living (retired)
International migration is small
Less than 5% born outside the UK - An ageing population as mortality rates fall
Remote rural:
Contains upland areas of the pennines and North York Moors - both are loosing population = young
The county's population is older = planers face the challenge of trying to encourage new employment and housing
Remote rural areas - Scottish Highlands
Accessibility to the rest of the Uk is a problem - the county's roads often meander around mountains and lochs + winter storms and snow make it difficult to commute to other Scottish cities
Economy largely based on tourism and farming - large numbers of agricultural jobs have been lost in recent decades
Highland Council won EU funding to install supper fats broadband - reducing the regions isolation + there is potential fro renewable energy industries
County's population is now increasing rapidly due to internal migration - more retired people and families seeking a rural lifestyle - but most growth is still in towns
Population of Inverness grew by 17.2% between 2003 and 2013
Relatively little international migration
Population is ageing as a result of falling mortality rates
Rural-Urban Fringe
At the outer edge of most cities = Rural-Urban fringe
Urban areas expand and absorb what was once open countryside = Urban sprawl
Easily accessible villages become suburbanised
Planners approved the building of housing estates = dormitory villages - expanded settlement adopt urban function
As travel distance increases the suburbanised villages become places that are more remote and less accessible to the city