Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

What is scientific naturalism? What are some of the key philosophical…

- - - - epistemic naturalism: the most reliable standards by which to judge out beliefs about the world are the epistemic standards of the natural sicences
      - metaphysical naturalism: all there is, is what the natural sciences say there is
      - methodological naturalism: the best or only way to find out about the world is using the methods of the natural sciences. all non-natural explanations are set aside
    - - normative naturalism: values and ethics
        
        naturalistic fallacy:
      - ontic naturalism: realism and object
        
        the dotrine that all exists is matter
      - methodological naturalism: knowledge and method
        
        the doctrine that our knowledge is purely natural
- - - - that statement itself is informed by philosophy not physics (Ames)
    - - epistemic requirement: is there rational justification for the metaphysics worldview? (Ames)
      - ontological requirement: is there anything the worldview must say exists? (Ames)
    - - is there an account, consistent with Physicalism, of how human inquirers have come into existence on planet earth? (Ames)
        
        many will judge this requirement can be met via evolutionary cosmology - the scientific account of the 13.7 billion year old story of our life producing universe, together with historical story of the development of human life and culture (Ames)
      - an accurate account of human inquiry should include normativity, rationality, presupposition of intelligibility, mental causation, first and second person perspectives, the community of inquirers, the irrepressible eruption of question etc. (Ames)
        
        normatiivty: human inquiry has a normative dimension that is both evaluative and regulative (Ames)
        
        as evaluative, it says what counts as good argumentsd and conclusion and what counts as good experiments and results (Ames)
        
        as regulative it says we ought to take on board those good arguments and conclusions and those good experiments and good results that are relevant to our own field of inquiry (Ames)
      - can physicalism give us an adequate account of human inquiry? (Ames)
      - Physicalist Responses to the Challenge of Normativity
        
        acknowledge the regulative as well as the evaluative aspect of normativity, but introduce an ought by borrowing a hypothetical imperative (Ames)
        
        give a consequentialist reading of ought as follows: you ought to do W if W is the better means to achieve your goal G, compared to doing x, Y,Z. (Ames)
        
        treat the normative aspect of inquiry as a descriptive evaluation of good practice as in achieving a goal (Quine) (Ames)
  - - - Premise 2: all mental occurrences have physical effects (Ames)
      - Premise 3: the physical effects of mental causes are not all over-dtetermined (Ames)
      - Premise 1: all physical effects are fully determined by a purely physical prior history (Ames)
      - Conclusion: mental occurrences must be identical to physical occurrences (Ames)
      - Arguments in support of the thesis
        
        physiology argument
        
        3 oppositions to the argument (Ames)
        
        fundamental forces arugment (Ames)
    - - the expanding success of the natural sciences provides the basis for a positive induction, that everything, including human mental capacities, which produce physical effects, will offer no exception (Ames)
      - the comprehensive claim of scientific naturalism is based on 450 years of the natural sciences explaining more and more of the universe (Ames)
      - rational expectation (Ames)
    - - as a matter of fact the use of such methods leads to a physicalist metaphysics (Ames)
      - it is rational to be guided by the methods of natural sciences in deciding one's metaphysical commitments (Ames)
      - metaphysics shouldn't block an adequate account of human inquiry (Ames)
  - - - to say that a mental state is intentional is to say that is is about something - that it is directed toward some object and that it can have this characteristic even if the object in question does not exist (Fales)
    - - the qualia that characterize an experience constitute what its like to have that experience (Fales)
  - - - narrativity
      - beauty
      - intersubjectivity
      - theory
      - affectivity
  - - - existential questions
      - philosophical questions
      - moral questions
      - meaning vs mechanism
- - - - empirical
        
        darwinian evolution implies that human beings emerged through the blind operation of natural forces
      - conceptual
        
        oure experience tells us that consciousness results from and is intimately dependent on physical processes