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Muscles: Lower Extremity (Gluteal Region -(Abductor and Rotators of Thigh)…

- - - - O: iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacro-iliac ligaments
      - I: tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur distal to it.
      - A: flex thigh at hip. stabilize hip joint
    - - O: ASIS and superior part of notch inferior to it
      - A: hip joint-flex, abd, ER thigh. knee joint- flex (medially rotates leg when knee is flexed.
      - I: superior part of medial surface of tibia
    - - O: superior ramus of pubis
      - I: pectineal line of femur
      - A: adducts/ flex thigh. assists IR
    - - Vastus lateralis
        
        A: knee joint- extend leg
        
        O: greater trochanter, lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
        
        I: common tendon (quad tendon), base of patella/ indirectly to tibial tuberosity
      - Vastus medialis
        
        A: knee joint- extend leg
        
        O: intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera of femur
        
        I: common tendon (quad tendon), base of patella/ indirectly to tibial tuberosity
      - Rectus femoris
        
        O: AIIS and ilium superior to acetabulum
        
        I: common tendon (quad tendon), base of patella/ indirectly to tibial tuberosity
        
        A: knee joint- extend leg. also, steadies hip joint and help iliopsoas flex thigh
      - Vastus intermedius
        
        O: anterior/ lateral surface of shaft of femur
        
        I: common tendon (quad tendon), base of patella/ indirectly to tibial tuberosity
        
        A: knee joint- extend leg
  - - - O: sides of T12-L5 vertebrae, disc in between, transverse processes
      - I: lesser trochanter of femur
      - A: flex thigh at hip. stabilize hip joint
    - - O: sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and IV discs
      - I: pectineal line and iliopubic eminence via iliopectineal line
      - A: flex thigh at hip. stabilize hip joint
- - - - O: inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium
      - A: adducts and flexes thigh
      - I: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar ridge
    - - O: body and interior ramus of pubis
      - I: superior part of medial surface of tibia.
      - A: Add thigh, flexes leg, helps with IR of leg
    - - O: body and inferior ramus of pubis
      - I: pectineal line and proximal part of linea apera of femur
      - A: adducts thigh. to some extent flexes it.
    - - O: margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
      - I: trochanteric fossa of femur
      - A: ER of thigh, steadies head of femur in acetabulum
    - - O: body of pubis inferior to pubis crest
      - I: middle third of linea aspera of femur
      - A: adducts thigh
- - - - Semitendinosus
        
        O: ischial tuberosity
        
        I: medial surface of superior tibia
        
        A: extend thigh, flex and rotate medially when knee is flexed. When thigh and knee are flexed can extend trunk
      - Semimembanosus
        
        O: ischial tuberosity
        
        A: extend thigh, flex and rotate medially when knee is flexed. When thigh and knee are flexed can extend trunk
        
        I: posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
      - Biceps femoris - long head
        
        O: ischial tuberosity
        
        I: lateral side head of fibula
        
        A: flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed. Extends thigh
      - Adductor magnus- hamstring part
        
        O: ischial tuberosity
        
        I: adductor tubercle of femur
        
        A: adduct and extends thigh
    - - Biceps femoris- short head
        
        O: linea apera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
        
        I: lateral side head of fibula
        
        A: flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed. Extends thigh
- - - - O: pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
      - I: medial surface of greater trochanter
      - A: ER and extend thigh, abducts flex thigh, steady femoral head in acetabulum
    - - O: ischial spine
      - I: medial surface of greater trochanter
      - A: ER and extend thigh, abducts flex thigh, steady femoral head in acetabulum
  - - - O: anterior surface of sarcum, sacrotuberous ligament
      - I: superior border of greater trochanter
      - A: ER and extend thigh, abducts flex thigh, steady femoral head in acetabulum
  - - - O: Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx
      - I: IT band, gluteal tuberosity
      - A: extends thigh, assists in lateral rotation, steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position
  - - - O: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
      - I: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur
      - A: ER thigh, steadies femoral head in acetabulum
    - - O: ischial tuberosity
      - I: medial surface of greater trochanter
      - A: ER and extend thigh, abducts flex thigh, steady femoral head in acetabulum
  - - - O: external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
      - I: lateral surface of greater trochanter
      - A: abducts and medially rotates thigh. Keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phase
    - - O: external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
      - I: anterior surface of greater trochanter
      - A: abducts and medially rotates thigh. Keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phase
    - - O: ASIS, anterior part of iliac crest
      - I: IT band, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia
      - A: abducts and medially rotates thigh. Keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phase
- - - - O: lateral condyle of tibia, superior/medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane
      - I: middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
      - A: DF, extends lateral 4 digit
    - - O: middle/anterior part of fibula, interosseous membrane
      - I: dorsal aspect of big toe (Hallux)- distal phalange
      - A: extend great toe, DF ankle
    - - O:lateral condyle, superior/lateral surface of tibia, interosseous membrane
      - I: medial cunieform- medial and inferior surface, base of 1st metatarsal
      - A: dorsiflexion and inversion
    - - O: anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane
      - I: dorum of base of 5th metatarsal
      - A: DF of ankle and eversion of foot
- - - - Soleus
        
        O: posterior fibula, soleal line, medial border of tibia
        
        I: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
        
        A: PF ankle independently of positoin of knee; steadies leg on foot
      - Plantaris
        
        O: inferior end of lateral suracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal ligament
        
        I: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
        
        A: assists gastroc in PF
      - gastrocnemius
        
        O: lateral head- lateral condyle of femur. medial head- popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
        
        I: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
        
        A: PF ankle when knee is extended, raises heel during walking, flexes leg at knee joint
    - - Flexor Hallicus Longus
        
        O: posterior surface of fibula, part of interosseous membrane
        
        I: base of distal phalanx of big toe
        
        A: flex big toe; weakly PF ankle, supports longitudinal arches of foot
      - Flexor Digitorum Longus
        
        O: medial/posterior surface of tibia, soleal line
        
        I: base of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits on plantar side
        
        A: flexes lateral 4 digits, PF ankle, supports longitudinal arches of foot
      - Popliteus
        
        O: lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
        
        I: posterior surface of tibia
        
        A: weakly flexes the knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5 degrees on fixed tibia, medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb
      - Tibialis Posterior
        
        O: inter mem of tibia, posterior surface of tibia, post surface of tibia
        
        I: tuberosity of navicular, cunieform, cuboid, calcaneous; base of 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsals
        
        A: PF ankle and inverts foot
- - - - abductor hallucis
        
        O: calcaneus- middle tubercle, plantar aponeurosis, inter muscular septa
        
        I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
        
        A: abducts and flexes 1st digit (big toe)
      - flexor digitorum brevis
        
        O: calcaneus-medial tubercle, flexor retinaculum, intermuscular septa
        
        I: both sides of middle phalanges, of lateral 4 digits
        
        A: flexes lateral 4 digits
    - - abductor digiti minimi
        
        O: calcaneus- medial/lateral tubercles, flexor retinaculum, intermuscular septa
        
        I: lateral side base of proximal phalanx (5th digit)
        
        A: abd and flexes little toe (5th digit)
  - - - medial 1 Lumbrical
        
        O: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
        
        I: medial aspect of expansion of 4 digits
        
        A: flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
    - - lateral 3 Lumbricals
        
        Same as above
      - quadratus plantae
        
        O: calcaneus
        
        I: tendon of FDL
        
        A: assist FDL in flexing lateral 4 digits
- - - - adductor hallucis
        
        O: Oblique head- base of metatarsals 2-4. Transverse Head-plantar ligaments of MTP jts.
        
        I: tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of PP of 1st digit
        
        A: adduct 1st digit, assit to transverse arch of the foot by metatarsals medially
    - - flexor digiti minimi brevis
        
        O: base of 5th MT
        
        base of PP of 5th
        
        A: flexes PP of 5th digit
    - - flexor hallucis brevis
        
        O:plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms
        
        I: both sides of base of PP of 1st digit
        
        A: flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit
  - - - plantar interossei
        
        PAD
        
        O: plantar side of bases of 3-5 metatarsals
        
        I: medial side of basses of 3-5
        
        A: ADD digits 3-5, flex MTP jt.
      - dorsal interossei
        
        DAB
        
        O: adj side of shaft of MT 1-5
        
        I: 1st- medial side of prox phalanx of 2nd digit. 2nd-4th- lateral side of 2-4 digits
        
        A: ABD digits 2-4 and flex MTP jt.
- - - - O: calcaneus, iterosseous talocalcaneal ligament; extensor retinaculum
      - I: long ext tendon of 4 medial digits 2-4.
      - A: aids the EDL in extending the four medial toes at the MTP and IP jt.
    - - O: calcaneus, iterosseous talocalcaneal ligament; extensor retinaculum
      - I: dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
      - A: aids the EHL in extending the great toe at the MTP jt.
- - - - O: lateral surface of tibia
      - I: base of 1st metatarsal and medial cunieoform
      - A: everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle
    - - A: everts foot and plantarflexes
      - O: lateral surface of fibula
      - I: dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal