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The Heart and Lungs (the heart (the circulatory system carries food and…
The Heart and Lungs
the heart
the circulatory system carries food and oxygen to every cell in the body and carries away waste products
the right ventricle - pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen which then returns to the heart
the left ventricle - pumps oxygenated blood to other organs of the body, gives up its oxygen and the returns to the heart to go to the lungs
pacemaker - cells that produce a small electrical impulse which causes the surrounding muscle cells to contract
artificial pacemaker - if natural pacemaker cells don't work, device that's implanted under the skin and has a wire going to the heart, produces an electrical current
blood
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plasma
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carries proteins, hormones, antibodies/ antitoxins, urea, CO2, glucose, amino acids
blood vessels
arteries
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contain thick layers of muscle to make them strong and elastic fibres so they can stretch and spring back
capillaries
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walls are only one cell thick to increase rate of diffusion by decreasing the distance over which it occurs
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coronary heart disease
blood vessels called the coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscles, if they become blocked a heart attack can happen.
a heart attack can happen after a sequence of events:
- fatty deposit builds up in the coronary arteries
- a blood clot can form on a fatty deposit
- the blood clot can block a coronary artery
- heart cells don't get the oxygen / nutrients they need
- the cells start to die
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the lungs
- the thorax is the top part of your body
- it is separated from the lower part of the body by the diaphragm
- the lungs are protected by the ribcage and are surrounded by pleural membranes
- the air that you breath goes through the trachea which splits into two tubes called the bronchi one going down to each lung
- the bronchi splits into progressively smaller tubes called bronchioles
- the bronchioles end at small bags called alveoli where gas exchange takes place
oxygen is absorbed into the body during breathing, carbon dioxide is released from the body during breathing