Globalization

Global trends

Migration and Multiculturalism

Theories of globalization

democracy and globalization

growing population in Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa

Europe and North America: ageing population, demographic change

tendencies in migration: #

better educated

migration much more common

less interest to invest in host society

proportion of foreign-born population increasing in developed regions

John Stuart Mill: democracy and state with different nations don´t go together #

Multiculturalism- coexistence of people from different ethnicities and cultures

liberal theory: same opportunities

different, but equal

Kymlicka: Migrants don´t equal minorities

Criticism

division, ghettos; focus on culture and symbols rather than actual socio-economic discrimination

Rationalization v Culturalization

Emile Durkheim essence of social development is institutional and cultural differentiation --> national institutions and culture will grow weaker

Max Weber essence of social development is rationalization --> culture and identity become less important

Anthony Giddens modernization involves time-space distancing, disembedding, reflexivity --> universalization

Malcolm Waters economic, political and cultural dimensions; material exchange localizes, political exchange internationalizes and symbolic exchange globalizes

Manuel Castells homogenization processes will lead to counter-reaction --> importance of identity and culture increases

Fukuyama RATIONALIZATION

Huntington CULTURALIZATION (clash of civilizations)

Multi-level governance

Modern vs post-modern state

weak nation state?

Individual and group rights

modernization created the concept of individual rights (natural law; equal political rights)

multiculturalism increasing the importance for institutionalized group rights?

Liberal social theory

Procedural Liberalism #

supports individualism, rests on the assuption of a homogenous society (Kant, Dworkins (no nation, no democracy) Rawls)

Substantive Liberalism #

cultural identity needs "the other", cultural identity as dialogical

dominant groups exist, it is not all neutral

diverging interest okay --> compromise becomes important and appreciated

Charles Taylor

cultural vs political group rights: granting collective political rights (Linz, Stepan)

multicultural societies need a unified societal space; need group rights

group rights differ: immigrant minorities not the same as national minorities

group rights 1. within immigrant group; 2. immigrant group and rest of society

CONSTITUTIONAL PATRIOTISM AS A SOLUTION? (Sternberger, Habermas)