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The Fundamental Attribution Error (Criticism (Sabini this has not been…
The Fundamental Attribution Error
Naive (folk) psychology
Fritz Heider Man in the street as scientists
Understanding
predicting
controling
Salient attributes of behaviour are focused to the expense of situational interpretations
Gilbert (1988) cognitive load
herusitc vs systematic thinkign
Begin with herustic dispositinal
low load correction to situational
Political leanings
liberals more situational
conservatives more personal
Jonathan Haidt Jon Jost
Personal vs impersonal
we decide whether we think the person's behaviour is constrained, then impersonal causes, otherwise personal
Over attribution to personal
Behaviour engulfs the field
Nisbett
Correspondent inference theory
More likely to attribute personaly when seen as chosing
When seen as forced then situational
If someone is acting in socially desirable ways, then more likely to see it as situational
Correspondence bias
make dispositional attributions even when can be entirely explained by situational factors
Jones & Harris (1967) read essay about castro cuba 1. student told to write pro
student told to write anti
studnt had choice
Choice - pro castro seen as real beliefs
No choice - pro castro seen as real beliefs
Asians more situational
western more personal
Gilovich & Regan (1986)
Keep diary of significant event
estimate personal vs impersonal
Dispositional for actions
Situational for expereinces
overestimation of personal vs situational factors
Ross et al 1977
quizmaster and contestant.
told to write hard questions
average 4/10 for all
assess own knowledge
quizmasters - average
contestants - below average
FAE - situation explains (hard questions) personal attribution
external quiz indicated no difference in knowledge
Criticism
Sabini
this has not been shown
some dispositions are more important, some are less
interpret in terms of face.embarrasment
Incorrect assumption of different dispositions
Milgram
overestimate disp to obey authority underestimate disp to obey conscience
Supported by milgram
Asch
don't want to look liek fools
not another study to show the situation
different disposition (face saving)
Jones & harris
#
underestimate willingness to obey authority
Different dispositional factor`
Lieberman and Eisenberger
The brain appears to treat abstract social experiences (Social rejection) similarly to concrete physical experiences
Froese principal mindreader
Nisbett & Wilson telling more than we can know
Embodiment
Attitude as a term in visual art to describe postures and outward appearence
Darwin expression of emotions in man and animals - patterns of motor activity express emotions