Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Topic 2 (Cell Membranes (functions (controls movement in/out, helps…

- - - - cholesterol
        
        between phospholipids, make structure more rigid
      - proteins
        
        integral
        
        peripheral
      - phospholipids
        
        hydrophilic phosphate 'head'
        
        2 x hydrophobic fatty acid 'tails'
        
        arranged in bilayer (hydrophilic tails facing in, hydrophobic head facing out)
      - glycolipids & glycoproteins
        
        used as receptor molecules & for cellular recognition
    - - affected by...
        
        amount of cholesterol
        (more = less fluid)
        
        ratio of saturated : unsaturated phospholipids (more saturated = less fluid)
- - - - water moves into mucus by osmosis
  - - - pancreas
        
        mucus blocks tubes connecting pancreas to s. intestine (digestive enzymes can't reach s. intestine)
        
        mucus causes cyst formation = inhibited enzyme production
      - small intestine
        
        thickens exchange surface
    - - too much cervical mucus = reduced sperm motility (less chance of fertilisation)
      - vas deferens can be absent / blocked = sperm can't reach penis
    - - mucus builds
        up in airways
        
        blockages (exchange can't take place below blockage)
        
        thickens exchange surface
      - bacteria trapped in mucus not removed
        
        more prone to
        lung infections
- - - - lots of alveoli → large SA for diffusion
      - thin alveolar & capillary epithelium (only 1 cell thick) = short diffusion pathway
      - alveoli have a good blood supply → steep concentration gradient
      - ventilation in lungs → steep concentration gradient
- - - - CF #
      - Sickle cell anaemia
      - Thalassaemia
      - Albinism
    - - Huntington’s disease
      - Achondroplasia