Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Nationalism and ethnocentrism (Nationalism (Theories/ Authors (Renan…
Nationalism and ethnocentrism
Nationalism
nation: larger entity than ethnic group; focus stronger on ideological and political issues
macro-sociological approach for research
the concept of "nation" has meant different things at different times, our understanding now derives from the emerge of the modern state in the 19th century
Theories/ Authors
Renan
concepts of "joint suffering" and "daily referendum"
Weber
value-rationality, not empirical, solidarity to own and opposition to other cultural groups; nation wants to have a state, but nation isn´t the same as a state´s population
Hobsbawn
features (e.g. language) help to form a coherent whole; nations are constructed; ceremonies and monuments
Barth
members of one group define themselves as different from the other group
Anderson
"imagined communities"
nationalism as doctrine
reaction to enlightenment
Gellner
nations should have the same political and cultural borders
based on environment or evolution
18th century
racial and cultural differences connected to differences in environment
19th century
social darwinism
20th century
beginning: Chicago school against environmentalism and functionalism
later: emerge of multiculturalism
explaining nationalism
modernization theory: common educational system, change to modern society --> local identities became broader, development towards complete globalization
Biosocial theory:biological factors play a role
rational choice theory: nationalism derives from the individual´s decisions at the micro-level; focus on the individuals within the group
Ethnocentrism
ethnic group: focus stronger on psychological and cultural topics
social-psychological approach for research
judging other cultures based on one´s own
in-group and out-group
differences between in-group and outgroup
in-group: cooperation, loyalty ; out-group:conflict
groups can´t explain everything
socio-economic interests matter
theories/ authors
Taijfel
Social identity theory --> prejudice as social positioning
Reicher
prejudice not related to out-group, but depending on in-group power relations
Billig supports this idea
#
#
racism
#
#
Reproduction of Ethnocentrism and Nationlism
key elements of collective memory
plurality of collective memory
temporality: broad structures, plots, not events
narrativity: narratives which create the events to form something meaningful
memory vs history
remembering and forgetting not about objective truth, but about group interests
Gergen
: socially negotiated rules
Ricoeur
remembering as translation
Zoljan
chain of events vs chain of concepts: replacing the chain of events --> "true history"; "natural course of things"
nation-building
dilemmas
integration through or for participation
nationality vs citizenship
models
Brubaker
triadic model- nationalising state, national minorities and external homeland
Example of Estonia