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lithosphere - environmental impacts of mineral exploitation (land take…
lithosphere - environmental impacts of mineral exploitation
land take
land use conflicts
minerals can only be exploited where they were deposited
limited
habitat loss
surface habitats must be removed
habitat restoration when mining finished
loss of amenity
mining changes landscape
when mine closes it can be turned into a community resource so the long term amenity value may be greater than that of the area before mining took place
dust
water spray to wet dust so it falls and not go into atmosphere
noise
embankments or baffle mounds built around mine to absorb and deflect noise
turbid drainage water
suspended solid particles in mine drainage water = reduce light penetration = kill plants and animals
sedimentation lagoons
spoil disposal
spoil = solid waste material left behind from mining
spoil heaps damage aesthetic - landscaping helps this
stability = lack of compaction can reduce stability and cause erosion - planting trees to help this
leachate = rainwater percolating through spoil can dissolve toxic metals and sulphides that produce acidic leachate solutions - filtering