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Mood disorders (Bi-polar (mania (other features (inflated self-esteem,…

- - - - inflated self-esteem
      - decreased need for sleep
      - pressured speech
      - racing thoughts
      - distractability
      - increase in goal-directed activities
      - psychomotor agitation
    - - DSM criteria
        
        distinct period of mania lasting 1 week or more
        
        during week 3 or more of the following
        
        impaired regard for consequences of actions
        
        agitated, excessively goal directed
        
        flight of ideas
        
        distractability
        
        inflated sense of self-esteem or grandiosity
        
        decreased need for sleep
        
        marked affect on fcning, necessitates hospitalization or there are psychotic features
        
        not attributed to effect of a substance or med. condition
    - - DSM criteria
        
        mania for at least 4 days
        
        3 or more of
        
        inflated self-esteem
        
        decreased need for sleep
        
        more talkative
        
        flight of ideas
        
        distractibility
        
        increased goal directed activity
        
        excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for harm
        
        change in fcning uncharacteristic for ind.
        
        observable change to others
        
        not attributable to sub. or medical condition
        
        not severe enough for marked impairment in fcning or hospitalisation
    - - cocaine
      - stimulants
      - anti-depressants
      - CNS disorder eg tumour
      - L-dopa
  - - - more manic
        
        if not treated
        
        period of normality between eps decreases
        
        length of eps increases
        
        depressed phase more likely
        
        suicide risk high
    - - more depressive (+hypomania)
    - - at least 2 years of sx of hypo-mania and depression that don't meet criteria for BP1 or 2
  - - - mania is a defence against loss and painful negative feelings about self
    - - mania result of excessive goal engagement and reward sensitivity
    - - social-rhythm disturbance may trigger MAE
- - - - can include somatic and cognitive features
    - - mood change is different to that experienced in normal sadness
    - - for clin may develop in absence of be grossly out of proportion
    - - for clinical it affects fcning and pervades all aspects of the person
  - - - depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not for at least 2 years
      - while depressed, 2 or more of:
        
        Poor appetite or over eating
        
        insomnia or hypersomia
        
        low energy or fatigue
        
        low self-esteem
        
        poor concentration or difficulty making decisions
        
        feelings of hopelessness
  - - - 5 or more of the following sx over 2 wk period, representing change from previous fcning
        
        markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities
        
        significant wt loss or wt gain
        
        Depressed mood most of the day, nearly everyday
        
        insomnia or hypersomnia nearly everyday
        
        psychomotor agitation or retardation
        
        fatigue or loss of energy
        
        feeling of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt
        
        recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, attempt or specific plan
  - - - often precede depression
      - loss particularly significant
      - stress generation
        
        stressful event cycle that leads to depression
        
        stressful events and response to such events can lead to further stressful events occurring
    - - neuroticism
      - introversion
      - negative self-esteem/self schema
      - interpersonal sensitivty
    - - Negative automatic thoughts
        
        automatic, unprompted, immediate and unchallenged
        
        negative triad
        
        self
        
        world
        
        future
      - systematic logical errors
        
        all or nothing thinking
        
        mental filtering
        
        should statements
        
        personalisation
      - depressogenic schemas
        
        enduring assumptions, representing the way an ind. organises info about past and future
        
        develop over time and may not be apparent to ind.
        
        activated by stressful circumstances
  - - - serotonin
      - dopamine
      - noradrenaline
    - - cortisol
      - ACTH
- - - - temper outbursts out of proportion to situation
      - temper outbursts inconsistent with developmental level
      - occur 3 or more x per week
      - in between outbursts mood is persistently irritable
  - - - in majority of cycles, sx begin before onset on menses and improve a couple of days after. Need at least 5 sx all together
        
        markedly affected lability
        
        markedly increased irritability
        
        marked depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, or depreciating thoughts
        
        Marked anxiety, tension etc
        
        +at least 1 of
        
        decreased interest in usual hobbies
        
        subjective difficulty in concentration
        
        lethargy, easy fatiguability etc
        
        marked change in appetite
        
        hypersomnia or insomnia
        
        sense of being overwhelmed or out of control
        
        physical sx such as breast tenderness etc
  - - - hx of depression and/or anxiety
      - stressful pregnancy
      - depression during pregnancy
      - family hx of mental disorders
      - experiencing severe baby blues
      - prolonged labor or delivery issues
      - problem's with baby's health
      - difficulty breastfeeding
      - lack of support
      - hx of abuse
      - being a single parent
      - having an unsettled baby
      - having unrealistic expectations about motherhood
      - work adjustments
      - moving house