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Metals and Non-metals (Need for Care in Selecting Cleaning Methods for…
Metals and Non-metals
Need for Care in Selecting Cleaning Methods for Articles made of Metals
Aluminium
Copper
Zinc
Iron
Silver
Tin
Rusting
Cause of Rusting
Reaction of Iron with Oxygen and Water
Experiment to Prove that Both Water and Oxygen are Necessary
Factors that Affect the Rate of Rusting
Temperature (rusting increases with increase of temp)
Humidity (same as temp)
Exposure to salts (same as humidity)
Exposure to acids (same as salts)
Presence of impurities
Harmful Effects of Rusting
Reduces Mechanical Strength of Iron
Might cause safety hazards
Costly replacement of parts
Reduces electrical conductivity of Iron
Methods of Preventing Rusting
Using Physical Barriers
Oiling
Greasing
Electroplating
In a simple way
Sacrificial Protection
Galvanization
Using Steel instead of Pure Iron
Advantages and Disadvantages of Plastic
Advantages of Using Plastic
Lightweight
Durable
Corrosion-resistant (for dilute acids)
Versatile (can be used in a wide variety of applications)
Mouldable (for thermoplastics)
Good thermal and electrical insulators for daily-use purposes
Should I mention types of plastics briefly? Thermoplastics and Thermosetting Plastics
Disadvantages of Using Plastic
Non-biodegradable
Release toxic substances on combustion
Cause harm to living organisms on ingestion
Leaching of harmful and toxic substances from plastics
Bisphenol A
Destroy the beauty of the environment
Properties of Metals and Non-metals
Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals
Physical Properties of Metals
Melting Points and Boiling Points
Electrical and Thermal Conductivity
Lustre
Density
Hardness
Malleability and Ductility
Physical Properties of Non-metals
Physical Properties of Non-metals
Melting Points and Boiling Points
Electrical and Thermal Conductivity
Lustre
Density
Hardness
Malleability and Ductility
Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals
Chemical Properties of Metals
Reaction with Oxygen
Should I mention the speed at which different metals react with oxygen?
Normal Temperature
Heated
Should I mention that when metal oxides dissolve in oxygen, they produce bases?
Reaction with Water
Should I mention which metals do not react with water but react with steam?
Reaction with Steam
Should I mention which metals do not react with either water or steam?
Reaction with Dilute HCl
Should I mention which metals do not react at all, react slowly and react vigorously?
Reaction with dilute H2SO4
Should I mention which metals do not react at all, react slowly and react vigorously?
Reactivity Series of Metals
Put this first. Students will understand reactions better.
Corrosion
Chemical Properties of Non-metals
Reaction with Oxygen
Reaction of Oxides with Water
Produces Acids
Reaction with Metals
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Sulphur
Chlorine
Uses of Metals and Non-metals
Uses of Metals
Iron
Aluminum
Copper
Zinc
Lead
Uses of Non-metals (both pure and their compounds)
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Chlorine
Sulphur
Phosphorous
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Aluminum
Advantages of using Aluminum Cooking Utenils
Lightweight
Cheap
Durable
Decent conductor of Heat
Corrosion resistant
Disadvantages of using Aluminum Cooking Utensils
Soft and gets deformed easily
Warping when hot aluminum is cooled under water
Reacts with Acidic Food
Not non-stick
Leaches into Food
Accumulates in the human body if consumed excessively
Benefits of Alloys
Desirable Properties of Alloys
Improved hardness, strength and corrosion resistance
Should I mention why alloys are harder (atomic layers of metal cannot slide over each other easily as alloys disrupt regular packing of atoms)
Dont
Steel
Mild and low-carbon steel
High-carbon steel
Stainless steel
Brass
Soft solder
Are all of these just examples or should I mention specific properties of each alloy?
Introduction