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Various Infectious Diseases (Influenza (treatment (Symptomatic treatment,…

- - - - Catarrhal phase (approx. 1-2 weeks) – non-characteristic picture, reminds cold, feeling unwell (malaise), water-serous rhinorrhoea, lacrimation, sneezing, mild cough, lack of fever,
      - Acute, paroxysmal cough phase (1-4 weeks) - sudden attacks, especially at night, usually violent, characteristic ‘crowing of the cock’ - coughing fits, strong inspiratory wheeze, frequent vomiting after the attack,
        heavy paroxysms of the pertussis cough: swelling of neck and head veins, reddening, later on blueing and swelling of the face, especially around eye sockets, protrusion of the eyeballs, petechia on the face and upper chest skin, conjunctival and dural extravasations, bleeding from the nose, risk of death!!!
      - The recovery phase (1-4 weeks) - the cough is diminishing, it becomes chronic, symptoms usually recede within 3-4 weeks
        Laboratory tests: Leucocytosis 10-50 thousands,
        Absolute lymphocytosis in the smear (50-80%),
  - - - Oxygen therapy,
        Supplementing water-electrolytic and protein-carbohydrate deficits,
        When necessary, the intensive medical care (monitoring, sucking out of respiratory tract secretion and others)
        Newborns, infants and patients with serious course of the disease should be hospitalised,
- - - - Staying in bed
        antipyretics and analgesics drugs (e.g.paracetamol, ibuprofen).
        Antitussive medicines,
        In influenza without complications, antibiotics are not to be administered,
        In influenza with complications, the suitable antibiotic therapy is applied,
    - - Neuraminidase inhibitors (zanamivir, oseltamivir)
        Effective against A and B influenza,
        Around 85% of effectiveness in prevention,
        Zanamivir administered by inhalation, oseltamivir per os,
        Side effects (dyspnoea, bronchial spasm, sinusitis and rhinitis, swelling of the face, mouth cavity and throat mucosa, nausea, diarrhea)
    - - Relatively high effectiveness in prevention (70-90%),
        They inhibit the development of the disease, but not of the infection (possible immunity of the body without disease symptoms),
        Recommended after the vaccination till time of the development of the immunity (2-6 weeks),
        Recommended to people not vaccinated, with intensified failure of immunological system, therapy),
        In children from the risk groups
    - - Relatively little effective in the therapy of flu (approx. 1 day shorter),
        It should not be administered to young children,
        Crucial side effects,
        Lack of credible data regarding the effectiveness of therapy in risk groups, the risk of forming the resistant strains (recommended immediate termination)
        Effectiveness limited to time of administration, high costs
- - - - Serological methods - detection of IgM from the 3rd day (usually up to 3-6 months) and IgG from 7 days of symptoms
        
        PCR, Immunohistochemistry tests
        
        Virological tests, Immunoochromatographic tests
      - Treatment symptoms of shock, hemorrhagic diathesis, electrolyte disorders; dialysis