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Enzymes (Properties of enzymes (Globular proteins that catalyse., Speed up…
Enzymes
Properties of enzymes
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Tertiary structure, protein chain folds into spherical or globular shape.
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Sites of enzyme action
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Intracellular, membrane-bound
Intracellular, in solution
Active sites
An enzyme acts on its substrate, with which it makes temporary bonds at the active site, forming an enzyme-substrate- complex. When the reaction is complete, products are released, leaving the enzyme unchanged and the active site ready to receive another substrate molecule.
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Enzyme inhibition
Competitive inhibition
Molecular shape complimentary to active site and similar to substrate, so they compete for the active site.
Malonic acid has a similar shape to succinic acid and so they compete for the active site of succinic dehydrogenase. Increasing the concentration of the substrate, succinic acid, reduces the effect of the inhibitor because the more substrate molecules present, the greater their chance of binding to active sites, leaving fewer available for the inhibitor. But if the inhibitor concentration increases, it binds to more active sites and so the reaction rate is slower.
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The decrease in rate of an enzyme-controlled action by another molecule, an inhibitor. An inhibitor combines with an enzyme and prevents it forming an enzyme-substrate complex.
Immobilised enzymes
Enzymes are immobilised when they are fixed, bound or trapped on an inert matrix such as sodium alginate balls or cellulose microfibrils.
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