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Were Churchill's criticisms of Munich justified (No (If opposition of…
Were Churchill's criticisms of Munich justified
No
If opposition of Hitler had led to war, who would Britain's allies be? - no discussion with France
Dominions in commonwealth couldn't be relied on and USA joining was unlikely
Britain's forces weren't ready for war - its troops were tied down in peacekeeping activities in Empire - Palestine
Italy and Japan would have tried to take advantage e.g. Egypt, Suez Canal or Italy - which couldn't easily be defended
Churchill had little understanding of the vulnerability of Britain in far east - His speeches barely considered that in 1938 Japan was fighting a bitter expansionist war in China and needed raw materials of Western colonies in S/E Asia e.g. oil
Churchill was hostile towards USSR / communism which was undergoing massive internal change in 1930's - unlikely any meaningful alliance could be made with Stalin, given the concerns about Russian activities in the Spanish CW and distrust in France of communism, let alone the hostility of Conservative opinion in Britain
USA's focus was on Japan not Europe - unlikely to join
Chamberlain returned to England proclaiming he had achieved "peace in our time"
Militarily and socially, Britain wasn't ready to fight a war - Many people liked Chamberlain as he gave them the opportunity of peace - Churchill seen as a warmonger
Yes
Munich as a failure as it gave Germany Czechoslovakia, as the Munich agreement was signed allowing Hitler to take over the Sudetenland, Hitler was surprised that the allies of Czechoslovakia had given up the territory so easily and as a result Hitler moved into the rest of Czechoslovakia and took it over in March 1939. Churchill knew that the appeasement to Hitler would not work out in their favour bringing peace, Churchill was right showing that Chamberlain was at a loss by signing the agreement.
Acknowledges Nazi's expansionist regime
Chamberlain's pursuit for peace brought us closer to war
Hindsight - justified however at the time, everyone knows there would be a war but Britain and france were trying to move the potential war to the east to keep themselves out of it
Churchill's view
Britain should have gone to war in 1938
Munich Pact was shameful, dishonourable and a "defeat without a war.”
Believed with a strong stance this would have encouraged opposition against Hitler in Germany
30th September 1938
dismembering of the independent state of Czechoslovakia - Germany took over non-Germans
ST - Not justified as the government was trying to bring about peace
LT - justified as this only waged us closer to war