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Politics & Religion (Failure of Modernity (Idea that modernisation was…
Politics & Religion
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Political Religion
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But in a material sense, i.e. in the ways in which it can motivate individuals & groups to act in pursuit of social or political goals
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Religious Fundamentalism
'Set of strategies by which (...) believers attempt to preserve their distinctive identity as a people or a group' (Appleby, 1993:3)
Resists attempts ast reforms: fundamentalisms share the fear that their religiously orientated way of life is under threat from alien influences, especially the secular oriented governments
Hence, they often seek reform, even re-traditionalisation of society in accordance with religious tenets
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Failure of Modernity
In 1950-60s high modernism declared the end end of religion in politics and prepared the progressive secularisation of politics
Modernisation = the spread of urbanisation, industrialisation, and abrupt technological developments
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Religion was viewed as an obstacle to political & economic development and many political elites across the world - driven by modernist ideas - embraced secular ideologies
Idea that modernisation was accompanied by secularisation rested on both empirical and normative observations
Empirical: observation of the experience of the West where gradual modernisation brought w/ it the disenchantment of society made people believe in the inevitability of the gradual but sure secularisation of the world
Normative: suggested that secularisation was not just inevitable but also desirable for various reasons: increases religious freedoms, reduces the likelihood of state-sponsored persecutions of minorities, allows the state to make more rational decisions free of religious bias, etc.
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So while the normative component of the modernist approach still continues to stand (although in a more nuanced stance), the empirical premises of modernism lay shattered
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