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DNA and RNA (Structure (DNA (4 organic bases (2 purines adenine and…
DNA and RNA
Structure
DNA
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4 organic bases
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2 pyrimidines, cytosine and thymine.
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Bases of the 2 strands face each other pointing in. Adenine lines up with thymine and Cytosine complimentary to guanine.
Molecule long and thin, coiled within the chromosome.
The nucleotide in one strand are arranged in the opposite direction from those in complimentary strand. The strands are antiparallel.
RNA
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Messenger
Long single stranded molecule. It is synthesised in the nucleus and carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Ribosomal
Found in the cytoplasm and comprises large, complex molecules. Ribosomes are made of ribosomal RNA and protein. They are the site of translation of the genetic code into protein.
Transfer
Small single stranded molecule which folds so that in places, there are base sequence forming complimentary pairs. The 3 end of the molecule has the base sequence cytosine-cytosine-adenine.
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Protein synthesis
Transcription
Free RNA nucleotides align opposite the template strand, based on the complimentary relationship between the bases in DNA and the free nucleotides.
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The enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the template strand of DNA at the beginning of the sequence to be copied.
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The enzyme DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between the bases in a specific region of the DNA molecule. This causes the strands to separate and unwind, exposing nucleotide bases.
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