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The Chest and its contents (The Mediastinum (Contents (The Pleura (Pleural…
The Chest and its contents
The Mediastinum
Location
Extends from Thorax inlet to diaphragm
Centre of the chest
Between right and left pleural cavities
Divides into...
Superior
Contains
Trachea
Oesophagus
Vagus Nerves
Phrenic Nerves
Sympathetic Chain
Major Blood Vessels
Inferior
Three Layers
Anterior
Contains
Thymus Glands
Fat and Connective Tissue
Costomediastinal folds
Middle
Pericardium
Heart
Root of Great Vessels
Posterior
Descending Aorta
Sympathetic Chain
Nerves
Oesophagus Nerves
Vagus Nerves
Azygos Veins
Extends over the Pericardium
Contents
The Heart
Structure
4 Chambers
Atrium
Right
Left
Ventricle
Left
Right
Composed of...
three layers
Myocardium (Middle Layer)
Cardiac Muscle
Endocardium (Inner Layer)
Continuous With Blood Vessels
Epicardium (Outermost Layer)
Connective Tissue
Flat Mesothelial Cells
Thin
Fibrous Skeleton
Action
Acts as insertion for muscles
Separates Chambers
Allows AV node and Bundle to delay wave of depolarisation
Location
Stretches from Endocardium to Epicardium
Origins of great vessels
Opening of...
Aorta
Pulmonary trunk
Tissue between Atria and ventricles
Features
Fused with Connective tissue throughout myocardium
Almost Always Stationary
atrioventricular valves
They are attached to the fibrous skeleton of the heart
They are attached to the fibrous skeleton of the heart
They open and close in response to pressure changes in the chambers of the heart
prevents backflow into atrium
comprise tracheal chordae
Blood Supply
Coronary
Arteries (High Pressure, Away from :<3:)
Left
Right
Structure
Veins (Low Pressure, toward :<3:)
Structure
Same Three Layers
Tunica Intima (Innermost)
Tunic Media (Middle)
Tunica Adventitia (Outermost)
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Pericardium
Action
That Encloses the Heart
Keeps Everything Together
Protects the Heart
Prevents Overfilling :explode:
Anchors Heart in Place
Layers
Fibrous Pericardium
Features
Inelastic
Collagenous
Outermost Layer
Phrenic nerves
Lie between Fibrous and Mediastinal Pleura
Origin
Attached via ligaments to the sternum
Action
Holds Heart in place
Parietal Serous Pericardium
Action
Lines Inner surface of Fibrous Pericardium
#
Visceral Serous Pericardium
Action
lines Surface of heart
The Pleura
The walls of the thorax are lined by the parietal pleura
The walls of the thorax are lined by the parietal pleura
The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lung
The visceral pleura and parietal pleura are separated by a small amount of pleural fluid
Pleural Cavity
Lie Between Parietal and Visceral Layers of Pleura
The Lungs
The right lung has 3 lobes, separated by oblique and transverse fissures
Both lungs have an apex that projects above the clavicle
Both lungs have a base that rests on the diaphragm
Both lungs are lined with visceral pleura
Hilum of lungs
Contains The opening of main Bronchus
Trachea
Ends at T4 (divides into Bronchi
Boundaries
Anteriorly
Sternum
Posteriorly
Vertebral Column
Inferiorly
Diaphragm
Superiorly
Thoracic inlet
Right and left pleural cavities
Contents
The Lungs
