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Engineering (Past (Aqueducts (Romans constructed aqueducts to supply their…

- - - - Aqueducts moved the water using solely gravity
        
        The design reduced erosion on the aqueducts due to the low speed of the water moving
      - Aqueducts had such a slight downward slant that it may not even be visible at first glance
      - Pont du Gard aqueduct only descended 17 metres vertically in its entire length of 50 kilometres
  - - - Some believe it was believed to help the enclosed person cross into the afterlife
      - Others think it was believed to assist pharaohs getting to heaven due to the shape of the pyramid
      - The slabs of stone used to build them are extremely heavy, so much so that they would require very complicated mechanisms to move
        
        Ramp theory
        
        These ramps would have been used to transport the slabs up and down the pyramid, using a levering system
        
        Historians have acknowledged that this would have not worked by itself, and there is another proverbial piece of the puzzle that we still need to discover
        
        Evidence of ramps was found at some point
        
        Limestone concrete theory
        
        Suggests that the slabs of stone are not slabs of carved stone, but instead a form of limestone concrete formed using moulds
        
        Not widely accepted as it provides no explanation for the carved granite stones (which are over 10 tons) above the Kings Chamber in the Great Pyramid of Giza
        
        So how can we figure out how the pyramids were truly built?
        
        NOVA pyramid building experiment
        
        In 1997, Mark Lehner and Roger Hopkins performed a pyramid building experiment for the TV Show NOVA
        
        In the end, the builders failed to duplicate the precise construction of the ancient Egyptians, even with their modern tools
        
        The experiment lasted three weeks, and they built a pyramid six metres high and nine metres wide, and it weighted about 405 tons
        
        They used iron chisels, hammers, and levels, which was a historical inaccuracy, as ancient Egyptians were limited to copper bronze and wood. Another inaccuracy was the fact that they used a forklift, which ancient Egyptians obviously did not have, but they did not use the forklift to finish the construction
        
        It took four to five men to use levers to flip and roll stones that were less than one ton, and it was found that if you put the larger stones on wooden sledges and hauled them on wooden tracks with 12-20 men, stones up to two tons could be moved
        
        However, the wood for these sledges and tracks would have had to have been imported from Lebanon as there was a very limited supply of wood in ancient Egypt. As well, since the wood would have had to have been imported from Lebanon, it would have come at a great cost.
- - - - The heart is a pump, the skeletal structure is an internal structure with movable joints which can control the body, the brain is much like a motherboard sending electrical signals to the muscles, which complete different functions depending on the signal. Our basic instincts could be likened to a set of commands, our stomach is a fuel holding tank which then sends the fuel to be burned after processing it, and our sweat is much like coolant, keeping the structure from overheating.
        
        If we liken the body to a machine, it’s is easier to see the advancements we could make without an innate, biased opinion
        
        For example, if a pump is failing, you would replace it, right? What if we could upgrade the pump with better materials? Or what if we could override the basic sets of commands inside the motherboard, to achieve something more?
    - - First off, how would we test these inventions? Human experimentation is illegal, and I’m sure not a lot of people would willingly volunteer. Also, many people may find these improvements to be barred by their religion, or by their basic moral code
        
        So, potential future biological engineering may be limited by some of these factors
  - - - However, that’s a lot easier to say then to do
- - - - Smoke Abatement Act was passed in 1926 to reduce pollution.