Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Geography revision (Hazardous Environments (A storm surge is formed in the…

- - - - Damage to 170 bridges and 70% of the country’s roads.
      - 70,000 homes, 68 health centres 2,624 schools and 1,683 water and sanitation services were damaged or destroyed.
      - The deaths of 6,600 people.
  - - - Honduras lost £903 million in exports destroyed by the hurricane. Consequently, the Honduran government had to go further into debt. The interest repayments on this are staggering. Honduras is due to pay out $400 million in interest repayments each year i.e. over $1million a day!
        
        Short version
        
        They have to pay $1million a day.
        
        🤯😱
      - Foreign TNCs purchased banana plantations off of broke Honduran farmers which increased leakage (the amount of money leaving the country to go to the headquarters of TNCs based in HICs).
        
        Short version
        
        Foreign TNC's buying banana farms causing the amount of money leaving the country to go to the headquarters
      - The loss of GDP for the country as 90% of the banana crop was destroyed by Hurricane Mitch. As 70% of the nation’s GDP comes from exporting bananas this meant there was less revenue to repair the country’s infrastructure.
        
        Because of the loss of the banana farms the loss of GDP for the country was 90%.
  - - - HIC's have more money to spend on earthquake survival proof buildings.
    - - LIC's have less money and therefore have poorly designed houses.
    - - HIC's have less losses
    - - HIC's recover quickly
- - - - The Bretton Woods agreement of 1944 established the IMF (International Monetary Fund), World Bank and GATT. These intergovernmental organisations (IGOs) provide the rules and supervision that encourages globalised trade.
      - GATT (a trade agreement) created free trade zones with small or no tariffs (taxes on imports and exports) e.g. Port Klang Free Zone, Malaysia and Internet City, Dubai, UAE.
    - - Due to industrialisation, urbanisation and increased transportation greenhouse gas emissions e.g. of CO2 have increased creating man-made global warming. This causes sea ice to melt, sea levels to rise and flooding to occur e.g. in Bangladesh.
      - Deforestation occurs to clear land for industry. This causes a decline in biodiversity as plant and animal species become extinct.
      - Air and water pollution in HICs has reduced as polluting manufacturing industries
      - Pollution from factories creates water and air pollution e.g. smog which kills thousands of people each year.
    - - The development of trading blocs like the EU which have no tariffs (taxes) between members of the EU who wish to trade with each other.
      - Previously closed countries like Russia and China adopting capitalist policies which have resulted in them trading with the rest of the world.
      - Low wages for MIC workers increase TNC profits.
      - Fewer health and safety and environmental laws and trade unions in MICs reduce overheads (costs) for TNCs increasing their profits.
      - Land is often cheap to buy in emerging nations reducing costs and increasing profits for TNCs.
      - Free trade zones allow TNCs to import and export raw materials, component parts and finished products without paying tariffs (taxes) e.g. Port Klang, Malaysia.
    - - General improvements in the global transport infrastructure and a real terms reduction in the costs of transport e.g. larger ships and ports and more international airports.
      - The vast improvements in global communications infrastructure especially the increase in internet connectivity. The increase in handheld electrical devices that can access the internet makes communication between workers in different countries quick and cheap e.g. iPhones.
    - - The average GDP per capita (wage) in the world has grown.
      - The proportion of the world’s population living below the poverty line (less than $2 a day according to the UN) has reduced.
      - The world’s economy (the total GDP in the world) has grown.
      - Countries such as S. Korea, Taiwan and Singapore have gone from being LICs in the 1950s to HICs today.
      - Emerging nations/ MICs are rapidly developing e.g. BRIC nations like Brazil, Russia India and China.
      - Consumers (customers) in HICs can buy products at a cheaper price.
      - Consumers (customers) in HICs can buy products at a cheaper price.
      - Global inequality has increased as the world’s wealthiest people have become richer making the gap between their earnings and the world’s poorest people bigger.
      - Many workers in MICs are exploited by TNCs with low wages, long hours and dangerous working conditions.
      - Some TNCs use child labour in sweatshops.
- - - - Epicenter
        
        Focus
        
        Rock type
        
        Energy released