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Cell Structure (specialised cells (muscle cells (the function of a muscle…
Cell Structure
specialised cells
sperm cells
- the function of a sperm cell is to get the male DNA to the female DNA
- it has a long tai and a streamlined head to help it swim to the egg
- there are lots of mitochondria to provide the energy needed
- it carries enzymes in its head to digest though the egg cell membrane
nerve cells
- the function of a nerve cell is to carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another
- these cells are long to cover more distance and have branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells and form a network through the body
muscle cells
- the function of a muscle cell is to contract quickly
- these cells are long so they have space to contract and contain lots of mitochondria to generate the energy needed for contraction
root hair cells
- root hair cells are cells on the surface of plant roots which grow into long hairs that stick out in the soil
- this gives the plant a big surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil
phloem and xylem
- phloem and xylem form tubes which transport substances such as food and water around plants
- to form the tubes, the cells are joined end to end
- xylem are hollow in the centre and phloem cells have very few subcellular structures so that stuff can flow through
microscopes
light microscopes - use light and lenses to form an image of a specimen and make it bigger, let us see individual cells and large subcellular structures
electron microscopes - use electrons to form an image, they have a much higher resolution (sharper image) and a much higher magnification than light microscopes
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bacteria cells are usually 0.2 to 10 micrometers, they are bigger than viruses but smaller than single celled organisms
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