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Liberalism (Major Works (Liberal Internationalism (Kant) (Pacification of…

- - - - Citizens = rationalized, individualized, homogenized
      - 1) establishment of republics through civil constitution; 2) peace among republics through pacific federation; 3) establishment of cosmopolitan law in conjunction with the pacific union
  - - - Citizens = diverse in goals but also capable of appreciating moral equality of all people
  - - - Citizens = diverse in goals but also unequal (some want to rule and some avoid domination)
- - - - Institutionalists
      - Rationalists
  - - - Commercial Liberalism
        
        Stress economic interdependence, including many variants of 'endogenous policy theory'; source of social demands relevant to foreign policy is the pattern of transnational market incentives; broadly functionalist argument; focuses on the interplay between aggregate incentives and distributional consequences
      - Republican Liberalism
        
        Stress the role of domestic representative institutions, elites and leadership dynamics, and executive-legislative relations; source of fundamental social preferences relevant to international politics is the institutional structure of domestic political representation; emphasizes the way domestic institutions and practices aggregate such pressures (societal identities and interests related to globalization), transforming them into state policies; theoretically critical point = extent of bias in representation
      - Ideational Liberalism
        
        Link state behavior to varied conceptions of desirable forms of cultural, political, and socioeconomic order; source of state preferences is the set of core domestic social identities (who belongs to the society and what is owed to them)