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Electricity (Energy transfers (power = potential difference x current,…
Electricity
Energy transfers
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the amount of energy an appliance transfers depends on how long the appliance is switched on for and the power of the appliance
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resistors
the current through an ohmic conductor (at a constant temperature) is directly proportional to the potential difference across. This means that the resistance remains constant as the current changes
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the current through a diode flows in one direction only. the diode has a very high resistance in the reverse direction
Parallel circuits
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the total current through the whole circuit is the sum of the currents through the separate components
the total resistance of two resistors is less than the resistance of the smallest individual resistor
Domestic uses and safety
Mains electricity
Mains electricity has an ac supply. In the UK the domestic electricity supply has a frequency of 50 Hz and is about 230 V
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Alternating current: the current is constantly changing direction. produced by alternating voltages in which the positive and negative ends keep alternating
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current, resistance and potential difference
the current through a component depends on both the resistance of the component and the potential difference across the component.
The greater the resistance of the component the smaller the current for a given potential difference across the component
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