Communication Standard

:

RFID

Token Ring

LTE

IrDA

UWB

Bluetooth

click to edit

Ethernet

A token ring network is a local area network (LAN) topology where nodes/stations are arranged in a ring topology. Data passes sequentially between nodes on the network until it returns to the source station.

A token ring LAN is physically wired as a star topology but configured as a ring topology.

The token ring LAN system was standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers as IEEE 802.5.

Ethernet is a link layer protocol in the TCP/IP stack,

Describing how networked devices can format data for transmission to other network devices on the same network segment, and how to put that data out on the network connection.

The most widely installed local area network (LAN) technology.

TCP defines how applications can create channels of communication across a network. It also manages how a message is assembled into smaller packets before they are then transmitted over the internet and reassembled in the right order at the destination address.

IP defines how to address and route each packet to make sure it reaches the right destination. Each gateway computer on the network checks this IP address to determine where to forward the message.

The two main protocols in the internet protocol suite serve specific functions.

WI-FI

Type of wireless network technology used for connecting to the Internet.

Frequencies of wi-fi works at are 2.4Ghz or 5Ghz, ensure no interference with cellphones, broadcast radio, TV antenna and two-way radios are encountered during transmission.

A radio waves broadcast from a Wi-Fi router, a device detecting and deciphering the waves, and then sending back data to the router.

Works similar to an AM/ FM radio but it is two-way communication channel.

Works over longer distances than Bluetooth or infrared and is also a low power unobtrusive technology, making it suitable for portable devices such as laptops and palmtops.

Governed by the Wi-Fi Alliance, an association of manufacturers and regulators defining standards and certifying products as Wi-Fi compatible.

Long Term Evolution (LTE) refers to a standard for smooth and efficient transition toward more advanced leading-edge technologies to increase the capacity and speed of wireless data networks

LTE features include an all-IP flat network architecture, end-to-end quality of service (Qos), higher download rates approaching 300 mbps and upload rates of 75 mbps, expanding cell capacity to accommodate 200 active users and supporting fast moving mobiles.

IP/TCP

wireless technology standard that require both hardware and software

Operate at 2.4 in the same unlicensed ISM frequency board where RF protocol like ZigBee and wifi also exist

Use master/slave model to control when and where devices can send data

When two bluetooth devices share a special affinity for each other ,they can be bonded together

Bluetooth profiles are additional protocols that build upon the basic bluetooth standard to more clearly define what kind of the data a bluetooth module transmitting

Infrared data is playing an important role in wireless data communication due to popularity laptop computers,personal digital asistants,digital cameras,mobile telephone and pages

sending a document from notebook computer to printer

Exchanging bussinees cards between handheld PCs

Coordinating schedules and telephones books between your desktop and notebook computers

Sending faxes from your notebook computer to a distant fax machine through a public telephone

click to edit

Digital cameras that can beam images into your computer

Radio-frequency identification uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects.The tag contain electronicallystored information

RFID can be classified by the type of tag and reader an active reader passive tag system has an active reader which transmit interogetor signals and also receives authentication replies from passive tags an active reader active tag system uses active tags awoken with an interogater signals from the active reader

Signalling between reader and the tag is done in several incompatible ways,depending on the frequency band used by tag

"Bulk reading" is a strategy of interogating multiple tags at the same time, but lack sufficient precision for inventory control

Easy to use to conceal or incorporate in other item

Ultra widebrand is a radio technology that can use very low energy level for short range high bandwith communications and a large portion of the radio spectrum

unlike spread spectrum, UWB transmit in a manner that does not interfere with conventional narrowband and carrier wave transmission in the same frequency band

One performance measure of radio in applications such as communication,locating,tracking and radar is the capacity for a given bandwith and signalling format

Ultra-widebrand chracteristics are well-suited to short distance applications such as PC peripherals due to low emission level permitted by regulating agencies, tend to be short range indoor applications

Group member:
1)Choong Ting Hui(1171103410)
2)Shee Jun Xian(1171103562)
3)Puvarasan(1171103933)
4)Loo Wei Jun(1171103833)