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PG's more or less powerful? (Not in Decline (Growth of promotional…
PG's more or less powerful?
In Decline
End of corporatism
Refers to 1970's politics.
Close relationship with government and leading groups.
Economic policy developed through routine consultation and groups bargains.
Ended by Thatcher and free market ideas dominated.
Decline in active Participation
Number of PG's has increased.
Number of members has increased.
Members are passive (chequebook participation)
Political activism is in the hands of a few/full time professionals.
Not in Decline
Growth of promotional groups
Number of promotional groups more than doubled since 1970's.
Membership of some PG's is more than political parties.
E.G National Trust 3 mill+ members when as Tories and Labour membership together is 300,000
.
New politics lead to increase in activism.
E.G internet/electronic voting.
More access points
Devolution -> more assemblies to lobby.
E.G BMA in Wales with compulsory organ donation.
HRA (1998) -> Increased PG activity focused in courts on human rights. Increase in judicable review encouraged in courts.
EU parliament -> Increased integration has introduced another tier of institutions to lobby.
E-campaigning and new media
Marches, protests and demonstrations are easier to organise more effective as can reach a wider audience through social media.
Appeals to youth.
New media created a rise in new generation/decentralised protest movements.
E.G Greenpeace inform members and fundraising.