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Lipids (Triglycerdes (Formed by combination of 1 glycerol molecule and 3…
Lipids
Triglycerdes
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Fatty acids join together by glycerol condensation reactions, whereby 3 molecules of water are removed and ester bonds are formed between the glycerol and fatty acid.
Properties
If hydrocarbon chain has only single carbon-carbon bonds then the fatty acid is saturated because all carbon atoms are linked to max number of hydrogen atoms.
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If bond is single, the molecule I unsaturated and has a kink. The molecules cannot align and the lipid cant solidify. Unsaturated fats are oils which remain liquid at room temp.
Roles of lipids
Phospholipids in biological membranes and for electrical insulation (the myelin sheath that surrounds the axons of nerve cells
Triglycerides for energy reserve in plants and animals, thermal insulation, protection (fat stored around organs) and metabolic water reduced in chemical reactions
Waxes for waterproofing in terrestrial organisms, waxes reduce water loss.
Test for fats/oils
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Shaken with equal volume of water. The dissolved lipids come out of solution as they are not soluble in water. The form an emulsion which makes the sample cloudy white.
Phospholipds
Each molecule has 1 end that is water soluble. Polar head is hydrophilic (interacts with water) and non-polar tail is hydrophobic (does not interact wth water).
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Like carbohydrates, lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen but much less oxygen. They are non-polar compounds and so are soluble in water but dissolve in organic solvents, such as propanone and alcohols.