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Flamborough Head (Cliffs (Sedimentary rocks horizontally bedded, causing…
Flamborough Head
Cliffs
Sedimentary rocks horizontally bedded, causing vertical cliffs.
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Steeper slopes in harder rocks, due to more mass movement in softer rocks.
Energy
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Rates of erosion vary because of north-facing areas being most exposed and differences in resistance
Areas of weak shale and clay have 0.8m erosion rates; strong limestone and sandstone have 0.1m a year.
In Whitby Bay 2010-11, wave height often exceeded 4m even in summer.
There is significant LSD from north to south which, when interrupted by headlands, has caused beaches to be formed in bays
Shore platforms
High energy waves and active erosion are causing the cliffs to retreat, causing shore platforms (e.g. Robin's Hood Bay to Lower Lias Shales)
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Could have been formed within last 6000 years in stable sea level period or in interglacial periods when they were about the same as now.
Beaches
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Sediment deposits slowly everywhere else because on lack of river input, lack of erosion to input materials, and destructive waves.
Although LSD is considerable, the coastline lacks spits because of a high tidal range (4m) and a lack of estuarine environments to provide a sink.
Sediment Sources
The coastline is sub-cell 1d of the sediment cell 1 extending from St Abbs (scotland) to Flamborough
Some of the sediment is from the nearshore area, driven onshore by sea level rise
Other sources are cliff erosion (including sandstone and chalk from the resistant rock outcrops and boulder clay deposits)
The only large river, the Esk, enters the North Sea at Whitby. (This supplies limited amounts of sediment due to the construction of weirs and reinforced banks along its course)
Geology
Adjacent north york moors rise 400m above sea level and are made of sandstone, shale and limestone.
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Headlands
Because of wave refraction, wave energy is concentrated on the headlands to form landforms such as at Selwick's Bay (where a master joint in the chalk has been enlarged), Flamborough Head or at Green Stacks Pinnacle.
Over 50 geos along this coastline, mainly facing north.
Blowholes have developed in the chalk; north of Selwick's Bay several have merged to form a huge inlet.
Location
Saltburn to Flamborough Head, Yorkshire
60km rocky, upland area with high energy waves and many landforms