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Relationship between Nutrition and Immunity (Iron (Deficiency (Early…
Relationship between Nutrition and Immunity
Iron
Function
Oxygen transport
Electron Transport
substrate oxidation and reduction
Types of iron
Functional (transport iron)
Storage (Ferritin&Hemosiderin)
Iron forms in diet
Heme
hemoglobin,myoglobin
heme transported into cell
5-25% absobed
Nonheme
85% of iron in foods
2-5% absorbed
absorbed at small intestine(duodenum)
Deficiency
Early functional iron deficiency
store and functional iron depleted
Iron deficiency anaemia
less oxygen(work ability low)
Behaviour and intellectual defects
Storage iron depletion
iron store depleted
Toxicity
Acute
bloody vomit and stools
Chronic
Cirrhosis,diabetes,heart failure,sexual dysfunction
Relationship with immunity
delayed type hypersensitivity
impairments in neutophil
macrophage cytotoxic activity
Zinc
Functions
protein synthesis
immune function
carbohydrate metabolism
cell repair and division
Absorption
Glycocalyx
jejunum
Excretion
via hair, sweat, desquamation, urine ,feces
Deficiency
Growth retardation(delayed sexual maturation&impotence)
Hypogonadism&hypospermia(alopecia)
Behavioral changes
Immune Deficiencies
Toxicity
Disrupts functions of biological molecules
anemia
acute(GI distress, nausea,vomiting, diarrhea)
Relationship with Immunity
After zinc depletion
All functions within monocytes were impaired
Cytotoxicity decreased in Natural Killer Cells
Phagocytosis reduced
T-cells function are impaired
B cells undergo apoptosis
Iodine
Function
regulate growth of thyroid hormone
regulate metabolic rate
develeopment of nervous system(fetal)
normal reproductive function
Absorption and Excretion
absorbed in the form of iodide
stored in thyroid
excreted via urine
small amounts excreted in feces
Deficiencycause IDD
endemic cretinism
Hypothyroidism
Mental Retardation
Reproductive failure
Endemic goitre
Childhood mortality
Excess/Toxicity
Paradoxical goiter(enlarged thyroid)
Other micronutrients
Selenium
Copper
Manganese
Fluoride
Chromium
Molybdenum