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SOUL, MIND & BODY (MONISM (4 CAUSES (evil things have them, If an eye…
SOUL, MIND & BODY
MONISM
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Soul: a cause, non-removable part of you, gave e.g. of wax stamp.
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DUALISM
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4 ARGUMENTS
OPPOSITES
HERACLITUS-constant state of motion between 2 opposites. Death opposite to life- moving between these states.
RECOGNITION
Visit WoF's between earthly lives. Therefore, proves WoF's real. Encounter Forms & recognise them on earth.
WOF'S
Soul is self-mover, no beginning or end- exists eternally.
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Soul: immortal, simple substance.
Myth of Er: solider dies in battle, wakes up & sees judges directing the dead to openings in the sky or ground. They chose & were reincarnated, some chose unwisely and drank from river of forgetfulness- when we learn- recollecting.
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MATERIALISM
DAWKINS
Soul 1: separate substance, trad though, D's rejects.
Soul 2: intellectual, spiritual power, feeling & imagination.
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IDENTITY THEORY
Your identity is linked to your continuity . As you grow your brain & personality changes but still same person. Your body & your character is your brain activity.
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Supporting: head injuries, drugs, alcohol etc.
CHALLENGES: Stephen Davis: only explains functions of brain not intention, e.g. car, brain affects how we function but doesn't drive us.
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Bertrand Russel: religious beliefs about soul doesn't mean its true. Compares humans to rivers, challenge to this is a category error, cannot relate humans to nature.
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SUBSTANCE DUALISM
DESCARTES
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CHALLENGES
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GILBERT RYLE: category error, 'ghost in a machine'.
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AQUINAS: Closely follows Aristotle- not saying soul is me. Its the principle of life , life needs body- animated. Should be understood as the mind & not something separate, necessary for me to be me.