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Global Terrorism (Lecture Notes (David Rapport Four Waves. (1.Anarchist…
Global Terrorism
Lecture Notes
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Future Threats:
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May emerge unnoticed- Growth of the Shining Path in Rural Peru in part because unnoticed by government.
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Terrorism Deaths in USA
2973 deaths 1999-2007 (The number killed in 9/11), (Oklahoma bombing 1995, first WTC bombing 1993.
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Reading
John Mueller Overblown
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Response's to Mueller
Rare Events such as Terrorism do sometimes take place - "Worst case scenarios usually do not become real, but occasionally they do. Imporbable events never happen until they do, as on September 11" (Betts 2005)
Responsibility to consider the impacts of such events:"Low- probability threats with extreme consequence warrant more high concern than high probability threats with minor consequences"(Betts 2005)
Strategic consequences might outweigh death tolls: Byman (2005 gives example of Israeli/ Palestine peace talks.
The Significance of threats is not purely numeric: Intent matters too ..."it grieves me more if my wife is murdered than if she suddenly hit by a car even though the end result is the same" (Byman 2005)
Paul Wilkinson
He claims the most frequent objection to the concept of terrorism is ‘one man’s terrorist is another man’ freedom fighter’
He goes on to state that some people find that the word
terrorism might be offensive to people involved in acts of violence. Wilkinson disagrees with this statement as he states that it is merely propaganda by terrorist organisations to call
themselves freedom fighters as its justifies what they do.
Wilkinson concludes that instead of scholars
criticising or arguing for the abandonment of the concept of terrorism
Dominic Bryan
He argues that the use of the term ‘terrorism’ should not be used without thought when discussing political violence
Bryan concludes by stating that research into political violence, should include the context
of country or ‘local context’ and the ‘diversity of power’
James M. Lutz, Brenda J. Lutz
Lutz begins by talking about the unofficial groups that are supported by governments and the advantages they gain such as extra-judicial executions as they seemingly can get away
with it.
Lutz goes on to point out more deadly forms of State terrorism such as death squads that can be formed by police or military personnel with the full knowledge of the state.
Lutz thus concludes that because of a less vigorous response to such terror attacks as stated
above, measures like ethnic cleansing etc have been successful in supressing and scaring
citizens .
Hoffman
9/11 terrorist attacks and the impact that this has had upon terrorism and how we understand terrorism. Hoffman begins by making the point that this attack was incredibly unprecedented and was the most brutal terrorist attack of our time with a high number of casualties. Hoffman makes the point that the US did not prepare for an attack such as this, despite anti-terror measures put in place.
Hoffman addresses this fact that the notion that terrorists are simply “madmen” it outdated and incorrect. As seen from 9/11, terrorist organisations such as Al-Qaeda often have elements of intricate planning and structure that ultimately allowed them to commit such an act.
Thus, Hoffman explains how as countries progress into the future, their counter-terrorism policies need greater understanding of such groups.
n his conclusion, Hoffman states that countries who put value on civil liberties will never escape terrorism because it is impossible to completely stop terrorist attacks, but in order to limit terrorisms effectiveness, the US “must be as tireless, innovative and dynamic” as the groups planning these acts of terror.