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Task 7 Sleep and emotion regulation (Sleep + Process forward model …
Task 7 Sleep and emotion regulation
Sleep + Process forward model (emotion regulation)
---> sleep deprivation = less ability to regulate strong emotional arousal
Stages
1. Situation selection
--> making decision to encounter or avoid a situation
no sleep:
reduced seeking leisure, fun , social activities
less reward seeking (smaller easy rewards > big ones)
---> insomnia patients
= cancel / avoid work, meetings, doctor appointments to avoid negative emotions (which reinforces them instead)
2. Situation modification
--> changing physical aspect of situation (by using humor eg.)
no sleep:
less empathy, understanding etc
decreasing productivity in work place vs constructive improvements
3. attention modulation
--> directing attention toward or away from emotional content
no sleep:
not working well, when no sleep
more attention paid to threatening stimuli
deficits in recognizing neutral + positive faces BUT not negative ones
4. cognitive reappraisal
--> reappraising emotions
-->
no sleep
= less cognitive reappraisal
--> cognitive reappraisal = in ERP study = more resilient to effects of sleep deprivation
--> less positive thinking
5. response modulation
--> suppressing emotion, coping mechanisms (sports, alcohol etc)
no sleep:
less positive emotion words , more negative ones
less emotionally expressive (both positive + negative)
global emotion expression = slower display of facial expression BUT!! --> inhibition of facial expression (response modulation) = not impaired !!
--------> more resistance to sleep loss :)!
emotion generation vs emotion regulation
--> well duh lol xD
Sleep and sleep loss on emotion
Less detailed
---> just intuitively, sleep = good no sleep bad :P
--> for some REM = more important or no effect (memory encoding)
--->fear conditioning interesting
memory encoding
--> no sleep = :arrow_down:
--> no rem = no effect :scales:
--> no sleep = contextual info(specific) + non contextual (not remembering specifics) :arrow_down:
------>
BUT negative non contextual info = normal still
:!:
-----> makes sense cause amygdala = stronger encoding :p !!
memory consolidation
--> sleep = :arrow_up:
--> no sleep = :arrow_down:
--> remember, know, new paradigm
------> sleep = know :arrow_up:
------> no sleep = remember (positive+neutral) :arrow_down: , remember negative = same :scales:
emotional reactivity
emotion
valance (positive / negative)
arousal (strong / weak emotion)
sleep= doesn't modify above valence + arousal
negative pictures = same negative rating after sleep vs 12 hours no sleep = less negative
no sleep
no REM sleep = reduces negative valence
no sleep = neutral pictures --> more negative
--> mixed really, some say nothing, some say increase, some say decrease
facial cues
no sleep:
discrimination between good vs negative facial stimuli = down
more threat expressing faces perceived
mainly affected recognition of happiness + sadness (important for empathy)
empathy
--> no sleep (55h) = less empathy
--> perceived bad sleep quality = less empathy
fear conditioning
--> sleep = promotes learning of fearful stimuli
--> no sleep = disrupts the conditioning
--> sleep (REM) = facilitates extinction (stimulus = safety) conditioning)
--> no sleep (REM) = less extinction effect
-----> all depends on consolidation as well :p !! probably mechanism behind it :o !!
threat generalization / conditioning generalization
#
---> sleep = promotes extinction generalization of stimulus
---> no sleep = threat generalization... don't agree probs just no extinction learned and thus generalized threat!
--> sleep = should also generalize threat if no extinction trial :3!!
:!:
!!!----> cause its same was above fear conditioning really
:!:
REM sleep
memory processing
--> enhanced memory of emotional salient cues and images
emotion reactivity
--> some studies say REM = super good cause reduces emotional valence ('sleep to forget')
---> others say it does the opposite so what the fuck lol
sleep to remember, sleep to forget hypothesis
-->
sleep to remember:
amygdala hippocampal network = encodes emotional event (better recap)
-->
sleep to forget:
during REM = suppressed noradregenic activity = reduced response to emotional content (de-potentiation), less subjective and measured autonomic response to negative stimuli, thus restoring emotional homeostasis!
:!:-------> thus during 'sleep to remember' less and less affect reconsolidated into memory because of 'sleep to forget'
---> so in end = event remembered but less emotions/ emotions less affect in future during rexposure :3 !!
no sleep
= hyperactive amygdala, hypoactive vmPFC (that could suppress amygdala
---> negative and neutral stimuli rated as more negative (no noradrenic suppression <-- well because no sleep haha)
---> counters 'sleep to forget'
#
and sleep to remember cause lol without sleep neither of these can happen haha
REM sleep emotional recalibration model
--->
rem sleep
= so higher norepinephrine during exposure, sleep resets it back to normal levels(homeostasis), which is why you have the positive effects the next day
(surpasses noradrendic release --> no arousal during reconsolidating of emotional events during sleep --> no re-endcoding of the emotional valence --> next day emotional homeostasis (no negative rating of neutral images etc))
--> in PTSD = defect, and doesn't suppress noradrenaline ... lol sounds bs
--> in depression ppl hypersomnia, too much noradrelane which could potentially keep levels low during day <-- so sleep deprivation might keep levels higher during day thus counteract lol haha as if lol
brain areas
no sleep
amygdala hyperactivity + reduced connectivity with vmPFC activity + increase in autonomic areas
--> hyper limbic response to aversive stimuli
--> if slept sufficiently = good connection between amygdala +vmPFC
reduced amygdala to ACC connectivity
--> the less REM , the greater the reduction
lack of REM sleep = reduction in control over emotional reactions ---> leads to worse ability to discriminate between emotions accurately
Brain areas
#
#
--> exactly that :D !!
--> + homeostasis and circadian rhythm and their role :P !!
Processes
homeostatic process
--> regulates length of sleep
--> regulated by adenosine
-----> REM sleep gets rid of adenosine again :3 !!
circadian process
--> regulates sleep onset, awakening, duration of sleep cycles
-->
maximum sleepiness = circadian trough
-->
maximum alterness = circadian peak
--> chronotype = morningness or eveningness people
Neurotransmitters
Wake
--> release: noradrenaline, 5ht, histamine, acetylcholine, orexin
--> suppress: GABA at vlPO (ventrolateral preoptic nucleus at hypothalamus)
Non REM sleep
--> inhibited: noradrenaline, 5ht, histamine, acetylcholine, orexin
-----> through vlPO release of GABA and galanin
REM sleep
--> release: acethylcholine + orexin
--> inhibited: noradrenaline, 5ht, histamine
-----> through vlPO release of GABA and galanin