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Organic Chemistry (cracking (hydrocarbons can be broken down to produce…
Organic Chemistry
cracking
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catalytic cracking - heating a long chain hydrocarbon to vaporise them, the vapour can be passed over a hot powdered aluminium oxide catalyst, the long chain molecules split apart
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alkenes are used to produce polymers and as starting materials for the production of many other chemicals
fractional distilation
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crude oil is a mixture of different hydrocarbons, most of which are alkanes and the different compounds can be separated by fractional distillation
the oil is heated until most has turned to gas which then enters a fractionating column where there is a temperature gradient (hot at bottom, cooler at top)
the longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points which condense and drain out early on and the shorter ones condense much later as they have lower boiling points
each fraction contains a mixture of hydrocarbons that all contain a similar number of carbon atoms - have a similar boiling point
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crude oil and alkanes
crude oil is a finite resource found in rocks and is the remains of ancient biomass consisting mainly of plankton buried in mud
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the first four members of the alkanes are methane, ethane, propane and butane
alkanes are saturated and have only single bonds, alkenes have a double bond and are unsaturated
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