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OB WEEK 5 :star: (Motivation Through Job Design and Empowerment…

- - - - Activates a behaviour or drive
      - Aimed at a goal or incentive
      - Needs (wants or desires) -> Behaviours (drive to acquire goal) -> Incentives (the goal)
      - Example
        
        Needs
        
        Water
        
        Companionship
        
        Achievement
        
        Behaviours
        
        Thirst
        
        Drive for affiliation
        
        Drive for achievement
        
        Incentives
        
        Drinking
        
        Making friends
        
        Winning
      - There is a physiological or psychological definiciency/need
  - - - Breathing, food, water, sleep, excretion, homeostasis
    - - Security of body, employment, resources, morality, family, health and property
    - - Friendships, family, sexual intimacy
    - - Self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others
    - - Morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts
- - - - Describes internal processes of choice among different behaviours
      - Motivation determined by expected outcomes of work activities
        
        Motivation for attractive activities, tasks they are able to accomplish
        
        If rewards are not attractive/tasks are not achievable, their effort will decrease
      - Different individuals will perceive different outcomes as more or less desirable
        
        Result: different outcomes will motivate different people
      - Effective Motivational Force = EP x PO x V
        
        EP - expectancy that extra effort will lead to improved performance (instrumentality)
        
        PO - belief that improved performance will lead to a positive outcome
        
        V - valence (desirability) for the individual of expected outcome
    - - Describes how and why people react when they feel unfairly treated
      - Exchange relationship between effort and reward
        
        We compare effort invested to reward received
        
        Motivated to maintain an equitable exchange relationship
        
        Compare to similarly skilled/employed people
        
        Determine a ratio that expresses comparative equity of reward and effort
      - Outcomes of You / Inputs of You = Outcomes of Other / Inputs of Other
      - Perceived inequity leads to tension
        
        Motivation to reduce tension
        
        Inequity responses
        
        Perceptually distort own effort/reward
        
        Perceptually distort effort/reward of comparison person
        
        Choose another comparison person
        
        Alter effort, seek to alter reward
        
        Move to another job
    - - Tie rewards to performance
      - Position rewards and performance close in time (immediate reward)
      - Use valued rewards (strong valence)
      - Watch equity and fairness of distribution of rewards
      - Incentive - looks to future
      - Reward - looks to past