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The Role of Pro-Civil Rights Groups (NAACP (National Association for the…
The Role of Pro-Civil Rights Groups
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People
Formed
1909
Developed from a organisation of largely white liberalists, wanted to stop lynchings and discrimination
W.E.B. Du Bois
was one of their leaders
Originally had a small membership, although it had 50 different branches
1917
, prevented enforced segregation of African Americans into separate residential districts and publicised their opposition to lynchings
Mainly fought through the courts, especially led by
Thurgood Marshall
. He was the lawyer for the massive success of
Brown v Board of Education 1954
CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)
Formed
1942
Initially dominated by white people (like the NAACP) and challenged segregation directly - for example,
interstate buses
Introduced
Freedom Rides
in
1961
where activists challenged segregation on interstate buses. Provoked violence in
1961
and Kennedy authorised desegregation.
NAACP Youth Council
Formed
1958
Youth heavily involved. Organised
sit-ins
(refused to move unless demands were met or evicted, often by force) to protest segregated lunch counters
SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)
Emerged from local groups organising the
Montgomery Bus Boycott
in 1956
Browder v Gayle 1956
came about as a result of this, it declared that bus segregation was unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment and that Montgomery and Alabama could no longer segregate buses
Strong leader in
Martin Luther King
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Formed
1962
Came together with the other groups to form the
Council of Federate Organizations
1962